耳聋是一种常见的严重出生缺陷,阐明遗传性耳聋的致病机理不仅能够在临床上辅助诊断,为遗传咨询及耳聋预防提供依据,而且能促进人们更深入地了解耳聋的致病机制,开发新的治疗方法。随着基因组研究技术不断创新,以全基因组测序、全外显子组测序、目标区域测序为代表的高通量测序技术在遗传性耳聋研究中已得到广泛应用。本文总结了近5年全外显子组测序和目标区域测序在遗传性耳聋致病基因研究及临床分子诊断中应用及研究进展,希望能够有助于我国临床耳聋基因诊断技术的发展及诊断水平的提升。

Hearing loss (HL) is the most common birth defect. Elucidating the genetic basis of hereditary deafness can not only assist diagnosis, provide the basis for genetic counseling and the prevention of deafness, but also bring a deeper understanding of the disease pathogenesis. In the genomic era, high-throughput sequencing technologies, represented by whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole exome sequencing (WES) or target region sequencing, have been widely used in the studies of hereditary HL. Here, we summarize the application and progress of WES and target region sequencing in the research of causative genes and clinical molecular diagnosis of hereditary HL, hoping to be helpful for the development and improvement of clinical genetic diagnosis of deafness in China.