丝状真菌(filamentous fungi)通常指那些菌丝体较发达且不产生大型肉质子实体结构的真核微生物。丝状真菌不仅在自然界物质循环中发挥着重要作用,还与人类健康和工农业生产有着紧密的联系。然而,对丝状真菌进行遗传操作相对困难,极大地妨碍了丝状真菌的遗传学研究。成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列及其相关系统(clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9, CRISPR/Cas9)是近年来发现的一种存在于细菌和古菌中保守的获得性免疫防御机制。最近,CRISPR/Cas9被开发成为了一种方便灵活的基因组编辑技术。目前,该技术已经广泛应用在不同物种的基因组编辑中。本文概述了CRISPR/Cas9在丝状真菌基因组编辑中的应用进展,旨在为开展该领域的研究工作提供参考。

Filamentous fungi usually refer to the eukaryotic microorganisms with developed mycelia and without large fruiting bodies. Filamentous fungi not only play an important role in material cycle in nature, but also are closely related to human health, industry and agriculture. However, the difficulties in genetic manipulation impede the molecular studies on filamentous fungi. Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is a conservative immune defense mechanism found in bacteria and archaea. Recently, it has been developed as a convenient and flexible technique for genome editing. At present, CRISPR/Cas9 has been applied in different species for genetic operation. This review summarizes the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in genome editing of filamentous fungi and aims to provide a reference for the research in this field.