DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和miRNA表达调控是表观遗传调控的3种重要方式,其在基因表达调控中发挥着关键作用。适当运动有益于身心健康。骨骼肌作为运动的主体组织,运动可以提高其代谢能力,改善其线粒体生物学功能,调控肌纤维类型转化,增加骨骼肌力量。近年来越来越多的研究表明,表观遗传调控在机体适应运动过程中发挥着重要作用,DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和miRNA表达调控等表观遗传调控方式通过调控骨骼肌基因表达来改变骨骼肌代谢能力、线粒体生物学功能和肌纤维类型,从而适应运动变化。本文对近年来运动对骨骼肌基因DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和相应miRNA表达调控等3种表观遗传调控方式的研究现状进行了综述,以期为进一步研究运动改善机体机能和健康提供参考。

As it is well known, proper exercise benefits our mind and body, especially the skeletal muscle. Exercise increases the capacity of muscle metabolism, enhances the biological function of mitochondria, regulates the transformation of muscle fiber types and increases the muscle power. In recent years, more and more researches show that epigenetic regulation plays an important role in strengthening the muscle, and these studies mainly include DNA methylation, histone modification, and regulation of miRNA expression. In order to adapt to the body movement, these three epigenetic patterns change the metabolic capacity of skeletal muscle, mitochondrial biological function and muscle fiber types by regulating the gene expression of skeletal muscle. In this review, we summarize research progresses of exercise-induced epigenetic regulation of gene expression of skeletal muscle, in order to provide a reference for further studies of how sports improve our body health.