癌症发生发展中的表观遗传学研究

张競文,续倩,李国亮

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.19-077

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2019 , Vol. 41 >Issue 7: 567 - 581

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.19-077

综述

癌症发生发展中的表观遗传学研究

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华中农业大学信息学院,作物遗传改良国家重点实验室,农业生物信息学湖北省重点实验室,湖北省农业大数据工程技术研究中心,武汉 430070

张競文,博士研究生,专业方向：生物信息学。E-mail: 528260148@qq.com|续倩,硕士研究生,专业方向：生物信息学。E-mail: 1173405432@qq.com

收稿日期: 2019-05-03

修回日期: 2019-06-08

网络出版日期: 2019-06-11

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(31771402);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目资助(2662017PY116)

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Epigenetics in the genesis and development of cancers

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College of Informatics, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

Received date: 2019-05-03

Revised date: 2019-06-08

Online published: 2019-06-11

Supported by

Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771402);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662017PY116)

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摘要

癌症是由细胞恶性增殖和扩散引发的一类复杂疾病,解析其致病机制是人类目前面临的重大挑战之一。表观遗传学机制对维持基因特定的表达模式和生命个体的正常发育生长至关重要。表观遗传图谱的紊乱如组蛋白修饰、DNA/RNA甲基化和染色质三维构象的变化等均能在一定程度上干扰正常基因的表达和功能,进而诱导癌症等多种疾病的发生发展。为促进对表观遗传学在癌症中作用机制的理解,本文概述了表观遗传学研究内容,聚焦其与癌症发生发展之间的关联,同时展望了表观遗传学在癌症临床诊治中的应用。

关键词： 癌症; 表观遗传学; DNA/RNA甲基化; 组蛋白修饰; 核小体定位; 非编码RNA; 染色质三维结构

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张競文,续倩,李国亮 . 癌症发生发展中的表观遗传学研究[J]. 遗传, 2019 , 41(7) : 567 -581 . DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.19-077

Abstract

Cancer is a complex disease caused by the malignant cellular proliferation and metastasis. Elucidating its pathogenic mechanism is one of the major challenges that we face currently. Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for maintaining specific patterns of gene expression and normal development and growth of living individuals. Disorders of epigenetic markers, such as histone modification, DNA/RNA methylation, and changes in the three-dimensional conformation of chromatin, can interfere with gene expression to some extent, and result in cancers. This review provides a brief overview of epigenetics, focusing on their association with the genesis of cancers, and we look forward to the application of epigenetics in cancer clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Key words： cancers; epigenetics; DNA/RNA methylation; histone modification; nucleosome positioning; non-coding RNA; chromatin three-dimensional structure

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