基因编辑是一种基于人工核酸酶的遗传操作技术,能精确地对DNA或RNA进行高效改造。基因编辑除了在基础研究、生物育种和药物筛选等方面展现了巨大前景之外,在疾病治疗(特别是基因遗传病)领域的前景与进展尤为引人注目。本文在介绍基因编辑技术的发展及其在疾病治疗中不同策略的基础上,重点围绕遗传疾病的基因治疗研究,综述了基因编辑技术(包括单碱基编辑和表观调控等技术)在血液系统、肝脏、肌肉和神经系统等疾病治疗的研究进展,并对基因编辑治疗疾病的未来发展进行了展望。

Gene editing is a genetic manipulation technology which utilizes bacterial nucleases to accurately and efficiently modify DNA or RNA. Gene editing has broad applications in basic research, breeding, and drug screening, and it is gaining validity and applicability to the therapy of many diseases especially genetic-based disease. In this review, we summarize the development of gene editing technology, its different strategies and applications in the treatment of disease, and the research of gene editing therapy for genetic diseases (including base editor and epigenetic regulation) in the treatment of disorders and diseases of the blood system, liver, muscle and nervous system. Finally, we discuss the future development prospects of gene editing therapy.