基因资源是国家的重要战略资源,保存、保护和合理利用基因资源将成为未来维护国家安全、打造核心竞争力的坚实基础和有效保障,然而我国在基因数据存储、样本存储等方面均起步较晚,无法满足国内日益增长的生命科学相关领域的研究发展需求。针对上述问题,2011年中国政府批复依托深圳华大生命科学研究院(原深圳华大基因研究院)建设我国首个读、写、存一体化的综合性生物遗传资源基因库——深圳国家基因库(亦称国家基因库)。本文总结了国内外较有影响力的基因资源大平台的发展概况,着重阐述了国家基因库的定位与使命,以及“三库两平台”的结构与功能——生物遗传资源的存储、读取、合成运用和开放共享。自2016年9月正式运行以来,国家基因库作为公益性、开放性、支撑性、引领性的战略性科技平台,已具备千万级可溯源样本存储能力,十万级基因组/年的存储和计算能力,建成首个国产化Pb (Petabases)级基因组数据产出平台以及千万碱基/年高效合成平台,同时基于自身平台能力,国家基因库建立了全面的开放共享机制,开展资源数据共享和公共平台服务,对生命科学研究和生物产业创新发展的支撑和助力初见成效。

Genetic resources are important national strategic resources. Their preservation, protection and rational utilization form a solid foundation to guarantee national security and to build national competitiveness for the future. Due to a relatively late starting point, China is actively catching up with global peers in storing genetic samples and data. In view of this, in 2011 China approved a plan to build its first nation-level comprehensive gene bank, the China National GeneBank (CNGB), and entrusted BGI-Research to implement its construction and operation. It is China's first gene bank for “reading, writing and storing” bioresources. In this paper, we summarize the development of influential platforms at home and abroad, and focus on CNGB’s position, mission, and its structure of "Three Banks and Two Platforms". CNGB launched its official operation in September 2016 and aims to develop a world-class, non-profit and strategic platform that supports science and technology development. It has built capacities to store tens of millions of traceable samples and to analyze handreds of thousanda of WGS each year. It has also set up China’s first Pb-level digitalization platform and a high-efficient synthesis platform with a production rate of ten million bases per year. Based on such capacities, CNGB has established its open sharing mechanism for biological samples and data, provided public platform services for life science research, and achieved initial results in supporting innovation and development of the bio-industry.