近年来,随着生长性状和饲料转化率的提高,中国地方品种肉鸡腹脂率不断增加,大大降低了肉鸡的品质。过多的腹脂沉积不仅降低了肉鸡的屠宰率和抗病力,而且由于脂肪较难处理,导致其被随意丢弃,污染环境。为了挖掘与中国地方品种肉鸡腹脂沉积相关的基因和调控通路,本研究对杏花鸡分别进行高脂和普通饲料的喂养,检测腹脂沉积情况,并利用转录组测序检测高脂饲养对肝脏和腹脂组织中基因表达的影响。结果表明,喂养两周后高脂组肉鸡腹脂重和腹脂率显著增加,且腹脂细胞的直径和面积也显著增大。对两组鸡的腹脂和肝脏进行转录组测序,发现在腹脂中显著差异表达基因主要富集于细胞周期通路、PPAR (peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor)信号通路和ECM (extracellular matrix)受体信号通路中;而在肝脏中,显著差异表达基因同样显著富集于细胞周期通路中,同时也显著富集于类固醇生物合成和PPAR信号通路中。通过分析腹脂和肝脏组织中共同差异表达的基因,发现这些基因同样显著富集于细胞周期中。进一步以鸡肝癌细胞系LMH (chicken hepatoma cell)细胞和鸡前脂肪细胞系ICP (immortalized chicken preadipocytes)细胞进行体外验证,利用高脂培养基和普通培养基进行培养,结果发现48 h后,高脂培养基可显著促进细胞周期进程,增加处于S期的细胞数。同时,qRT-PCR结果发现高脂培养基可显著促进细胞周期相关基因的表达。综上所述,本研究通过基因表达差异分析,发现高脂饲养可能通过激活鸡脂肪组织的细胞周期来促进前脂肪细胞增殖,进而增加腹脂沉积。该研究结果为进一步了解优质肉鸡腹脂沉积的机制提供了理论依据。

With the improvement of growth traits and feed conversion rate, the abdominal fat rate of Chinese local breeds of broilers has been increasing. Excessive abdominal fat deposition not only reduces the slaughter rate and disease resistance of broiler chickens, but also produces waste due to the difficulty of fat treatment. In order to study the regulatory genes and pathways involved in abdominal fat deposition of broilers, we used high-fat diets to feed the Xinghua Chicken, which is a Chinese local breed. Two weeks after feeding, we found that the abdominal fat weight and rate of broilers in the high-fat diet group increased significantly, and the diameter and area of abdominal fat cells also increased significantly. Transcriptome sequencing of abdominal fat and livers showed that the differentially expressed genes in the abdominal fat were mainly enriched in the cell cycle, peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor (PPAR) and extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor signaling pathways. The differentially expressed genes in livers were also significantly enriched in the cell cycle pathway, as well as in the steroid biosynthesis and PPAR signaling pathway. By analyzing the common differentially expressed genes in abdominal fat and liver tissues, we found that these genes were also enriched in cell cycle. Finally, we used the chicken LMH (chicken hepatoma cell) cell line and chicken ICP (immortalized chicken preadipocytes) cell line to do the in vitro validation assays. We used high-fat and common medium to culture the cells. The results showed that after 48 hours, the high-fat medium could significantly promote cell cycle and increase the number of cells in S phase. Additionally, qRT-PCR results showed that the high-fat medium could significantly promote the expression of genes related to cell cycle. In conclusion, we found that high-fat diets activate the cell cycle progression of chicken hepatocytes and preadipocytes, promote cell proliferation, and then increase abdominal fat deposition.