藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)起源于南美洲提提喀喀湖区,是苋科(Amaranthaceae)藜属(Chenopodium)一年生作物。因其营养全面且对多种非生物逆境胁迫具有抗性,被认为是尚未被充分开发且具有高应用潜力的作物,深受育种学家的关注。近年来,随着人们对健康的关注和高品质生活的追求,对藜麦的需求量急剧增加,加之藜麦能有效缓解全球粮食安全,对其栽培与育种等研究已成为热点。为了加深对藜麦的认识和推动其产业的发展,本文结合本课题组多年来对源于安第斯山藜麦种质资源的收集、评价与利用的实践,从藜麦营养价值与应用、起源与分布、遗传研究、品种选育进展及发展趋势等方面进行了总结,以期为我国藜麦新品种(系)的培育与栽培、产业可持续发展、贫困地区人群增收及新增我国粮食生产途径等方面提供参考信息。

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd, 2n=36) is an annual crop belonging to the genus Chenopodium in Amaranthaceae, and originated from the Titicaca lake of the Andes region in the South America. Due to its high nutritional values and adapted tolerance to various abiotic stresses, quinoa was considered a crop with high application potential, but improvement is still needed for the development and utilization of crop. Therefore it attains the attention of biological scientists and breeders. In recent years, with the pursuit of better health and higher quality of life, the consuming of quinoa grains has increased dramatically. Cultivation and breeding of quinoa has received more attention to ensure global food security as well. On the basis of our multiple years of experience in quinoa germplasm collection which were evolution from Andes region, the focus of this review is on the nutritional quality and application of quinoa, species origination and evolution, domestication by human, and genetic breeding progress and trends, so that a better understanding of quinoa values can be achieved. We aim to help increase farmers’ income in poverty areas and ensure national food security by promoting development of quinoa industry in China.