三维基因组分析点亮人类大脑进化之谜
收稿日期: 2021-01-28
网络出版日期: 2021-02-16
基金资助
中国科学院B类先导项目(XDB1301000);国家自然科学基金委项目(U2002207);国家自然科学基金委项目(31730088);国家自然科学基金委项目(31621062);国家自然科学基金委项目(91631306);国家自然科学基金委项目(32000406);国家自然科学基金委项目(31871266);国家自然科学基金委项目(71532001);国家自然科学基金委项目(11661141019);国家自然科学基金委项目(61621003);科技部重点研发项目(2016YFA0100103)
Received date: 2021-01-28
Online published: 2021-02-16
Supported by
the Strategic Priority Research Program(XDB1301000);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2002207);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730088);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31621062);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91631306);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000406);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871266);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71532001);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11661141019);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61621003);the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0100103)
人类大脑起源于漫长的生命进化过程,其最显著的改变是大脑的认知功能,反映在脑容量的显著扩增和脑结构的高度精细化。人类进化过程中哪些遗传改变造就了人类大脑是国际科学界长期力图回答的重要科学问题。所有器官包括大脑的形成都是通过发育过程来实现的,人类独特的脑发育模式源于在进化中基因组积累的功能性突变。通过近20年的比较基因组学研究已经发现大量人类特异的基因组序列变异和调控元件,典型的如人类快速进化区域(human accelerated regions, HARs)和人类特异的增强子(human-specific enhancers, HGEs)。哺乳动物包括人类的基因组一般长度约2 m,折叠在仅有10 μm大小的细胞核中。基因组在细胞核的三维空间中层次化有序折叠,其染色质高维结构对发育中细胞的增殖和有序分化至关重要。如何将基因组中的序列差异与脑发育的调控改变之间建立因果联系,并解析其中的分子调控机制,是颇具挑战的问题。
罗鑫, 宿兵 . 三维基因组分析点亮人类大脑进化之谜[J]. 遗传, 2021 , 43(2) : 105 -107 . DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.20-031
| [1] | Sousa AMM, Meyer KA, Santpere G, Gulden FO, Sestan N. Evolution of the human nervous system function, structure, and development. Cell , 2017, 170(2): 226-247. |
| [2] | Pollard KS, Salama SR, Lambert N, Lambot MA, Coppens S, Pedersen JS, Katzman S, King B, Onodera C, Siepel A, Kern AD, Dehay C, Igel H, Ares M Jr, Vanderhaeghen P, Haussler D. An RNA gene expressed during cortical development evolved rapidly in humans. Nature , 2006, 443(7108): 167-172. |
| [3] | Reilly SK, Yin J, Ayoub AE, Emera D, Leng J, Cotney J, Sarro R, Rakic P, Noonan JP. Evolutionary changes in promoter and enhancer activity during human corticogenesis. Science , 2015, 347(6226): 1155-1159. |
| [4] | Zheng H, Xie W. The role of 3D genome organization in development and cell differentiation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , 2019, 20(9): 535-550. |
| [5] | Luo X, Liu YT, Dang DC, Hu T, Hou YP, Meng XY, Zhang FY, Li TT, Wang C, Li M, Wu HX, Shen QS, Hu Y, Zeng XR, He XC, Yan LZ, Zhang SH, Li C, Su B. Comparative 3D genome analyses identify human-specific evolutionary changes during corticogenesis. Cell , 2020, doi. 10.1016/j.cell.2021. 01.001. |
| [6] | Kostovic I, Rakic P. Developmental history of the transient subplate zone in the visual and somatosensory cortex of the macaque monkey and human brain. J Comp Neurol , 1990, 297(3): 441-470. |
| [7] | Hoerder-Suabedissen A, Molnár Z. Development, evolution and pathology of neocortical subplate neurons. Nat Rev Neurosci , 2015, 16(3): 133-146. |
| [8] | Kostovic I, and Molliver ME. New interpretation of laminar development of cerebral cortex synaptogenesis in different layers of neopallium in human fetus. Anat Rec , 1974, 178: 395. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
www.chinagene.cn
备案号：京ICP备09063187号-4
总访问:,今日访问:,当前在线:
