杂种优势形成机制和预测方法及其在猪生产中的应用与展望
收稿日期: 2024-05-11
修回日期: 2024-07-03
网络出版日期: 2024-07-12
基金资助
国家重点研发计划(2021YFF1000602);国家生猪产业技术体系专项(CARS-35);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDLNY01-04)
Heterosis formation mechanism, prediction methods, and their application and prospect in pig production
Received date: 2024-05-11
Revised date: 2024-07-03
Online published: 2024-07-12
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000602);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-35);Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2022ZDLNY01-04)
杂种优势是指杂种后代的性能优于双亲群体的现象。杂交能有效提高后代的生长发育性能、繁殖性能和抗病性，因此被广泛应用于动植物生产。研究人员利用杂交育种技术培育了超优千号杂交水稻、小偃6号杂交小麦、杜蒙羊、山下黑猪等优秀的农牧新品系和配套系。然而当前的杂种优势研究仍存在一些亟待解决的问题：现有杂种优势理论只能部分解释动植物杂种优势现象，动物杂种优势理论研究较少，且现有的杂种优势预测方法准确性有限。我国是世界上最大的猪肉生产消费国，杂种优势能够有效提高生猪生产性能，在生猪产业的应用方面具有重要的经济和研究价值。但目前有关猪杂交生产研究还处于起步阶段，亟待进一步深入。本文综述了现有的杂种优势理论、杂种优势预测方法，及其在猪生产中的应用研究，以期为杂种优势在生猪育种中的应用提供借鉴与参考。
朱家华, 沈俊男, 伊旭东, 李睿, 喻赫, 丁荣荣, 庞卫军 . 杂种优势形成机制和预测方法及其在猪生产中的应用与展望[J]. 遗传, 2024 , 46(8) : 627 -639 . DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-137
Heterosis is the phenomenon that the hybrid offspring outperform two-parent population. Hybridisation has been widely used in plant and animal production as it effectively improves the growth and developmental performance, reproductive performance and disease resistance of the offspring. Hybridization can effectively improve the growth and development performance, reproductive performance and disease resistance of offspring, so it is widely used in animal and plant production. Researchers have used cross-breeding techniques to cultivate excellent new agricultural and animal husbandry strains and supporting lines such as super-excellent Chaoyou 1000 hybrid rice, Xiaoyan No.6 hybrid wheat, Dumeng sheep, and Shanxia black pigs. However, there are still some urgent problems in the current hybrid dominance research: the existing hybrid dominance theory can only partially explain the phenomenon of plant and animal hybrid dominance, and the theory of animal hybrid dominance is less researched, and the accuracy of the existing hybrid dominance prediction methods is limited. China is the world’s largest pork production and consumption country. Heterosis can effectively improve the production performance of pigs, and its application in the pig industry has important economic and research value. However, the existing research on pig hybrid production is in its infancy and needs to be further studied. In this review, we summarize the existing heterosis theory, heterosis prediction methods, and their application in pig production, to provide a reference for the application of heterosis in pig breeding.
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