青藏高原隆升与环境变化驱动鸟类的遗传分化与物种形成
收稿日期: 2024-06-08
修回日期: 2024-08-16
网络出版日期: 2024-09-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(NSFC32020103005);国家自然科学基金项目(U23A20162);国家自然科学基金项目(32070434)
Environmental changes and uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau drive genetic diversification and speciation of the birds
Received date: 2024-06-08
Revised date: 2024-08-16
Online published: 2024-09-20
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC32020103005);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20162);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070434)
作为世界上海拔最高、面积最大的高原，青藏高原独特的地理和气候条件对生物多样性产生了深远的影响。本文结合青藏高原地质、气候变化的背景综述了高原鸟类物种形成模式和遗传多样性特征。首先，青藏高原的隆升对鸟类产生了显著的隔离效应，推动与周边近缘物种的遗传分化；其次，青藏高原的隆升为鸟类提供了新的栖息地，促进了物种分化；再次，高原与邻近地区鸟类的区系交流，促进了物种的迁入、形成与扩散；最后，更新世冰期循环引起的环境变导致了鸟类的冰后期扩张和第二次接触，对鸟类的遗传分化产生了重要的影响。近期，多组学方法也日益广泛的应用在青藏高原鸟类生态适应演化研究中。未来的研究应更多关注地质、气候等因素在物种分化中的作用机制，加强多组学方法的应用，关注高原物种适应的生态学机制。青藏高原作为生物多样性保护的重要区域，在全球变化背景下，需要采取有效的保护措施以维护其生态系统的稳定性和可持续性。
宋刚, 屈延华 . 青藏高原隆升与环境变化驱动鸟类的遗传分化与物种形成[J]. 遗传, 2025 , 47(1) : 133 -145 . DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-166
Being the most magnificent plateau in elevation and size on Earth, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a profound impact on biodiversity due to the unique geographic and climatic conditions. Here we review the speciation patterns and genetic diversity of the birds from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in relation to the geological history and climatic changes. First, the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau forms a geographic barrier and promotes interspecific and intraspecific genetic differentiation. Second, the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has provided new ecological niches for many endemic birds and facilitated their speciation. Third, the emigration and immigration of bird species between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent zoological regions have promoted species divergence, colonization and dispersal. Furthermore, Pleistocene glaciations and associated climate change drive postglacial colonization and lead to secondary contact, which influenced the genetic divergence of the conspecific populations and sister species. The multi-omics approach has increasingly been used in the studies on the ecological adaptive evolution of birds in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Future studies should focus on the role of geological and climatic factors in species differentiation, develop integrative approach with multi-omics methods, and explore the ecological mechanisms of high-elevation adaptation of plateau species. As an important region for biodiversity conservation, more efforts should be implemented to maintain the stability and sustainability of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its ecosystem in light of global change.
Key words： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; bird; genetic diversity; speciation
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