为什么应该弃用“进化”而使用“演化”
收稿日期: 2024-09-15
修回日期: 2024-12-13
网络出版日期: 2024-12-23
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(32388102)
Why should we stop translating “evolution” to “进化” and turn to use “演化” in Chinese
Received date: 2024-09-15
Revised date: 2024-12-13
Online published: 2024-12-23
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32388102)
Although Darwinian evolutionary theory has been widely spread in China, several misconceptions about evolution have been persistent among the general public and even the researchers. Some are simple misunderstandings, including evolution results in progress with organisms are always replaced by better forms through evolution, and humans or primates represent the most advanced organisms. Some are misconceptions about natural selection and imply organisms evolved based on what they need or all the current morphologies or biological phenotypes are the results of adaptation. The spread of these misconceptions in China stem partially from the historical misleading translation of “evolution” to “进化” in Chinese, which includes the meaning of progress with direction into more advance form. Here, we summarize major progresses of the evolutionary theory after the Modern Synthesis and discuss how this misleading translation introduces a barrier in understanding of these new theoretical developments, such as neutral or near-neutral theory, genetic drift hypothesis, trade-off theory, and many new concepts in evo-devo field. Looking back at the development of evolutionary theory over the past few hundred years, we emphasize that a series of revolutionary achievements in the last 30 years have brought about fundamental changes in our basic understanding of the evolution of life. Therefore, we strongly advocate a formal re-introducing of “演化”, a more correct translation of evolution, in textbook and in daily communication among Chinese biological researchers. We anticipate that this change will help to correct some of these deep-rooted misconceptions among general public and will ultimately stimulate the interest of younger generation in conceptually thinking of evolutionary theory.
孙仲夷, 张国捷 . 为什么应该弃用“进化”而使用“演化”[J]. 遗传, 2025 , 47(1) : 5 -17 . DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-194
| [1] | 田洺. 进化是进步吗? 自然辩证法通讯, 1996, (3): 71-75. |
| [2] | 张伯剀. 进化=进步? 大科技·科学之谜, 2006, (12): 22-24. |
| [3] | 李建会. 进化不是进步吗?——古尔德的反进化性进步观批判. 自然辩证法研究, 2016, (1): 3-9. |
| [4] | 顾红雅. 有关Evolution的中文翻译. 植物学报, 2015, (2): 148-148. |
| [5] | 卢平. “进化”还是“演化”?关键在于尺度. 科普中国网. (2023-08-17). https://www.kepuchina.cn/article/articleinfo?business_type=100&ar_id=432790. |
| [6] | 曾刚. 听说, “进化”这个词不能用了? 科普中国网. (2023-07-09). https://www.kepuchina.cn/article/articleinfo?business_type=100&ar_id=424791. |
| [7] | Gould SJ. Ever Since Darwin: Reflections on Natural History. W. W. Norton & Company, 1992. |
| [8] | Spencer H. First Principles. London: Williams and Norgate, 1867. |
| [9] | Geng ZC. Thoughts on the Chinese translation of “Evolution”. Sci Technol Rev, 2000, 18(12): 8-11. |
| 庚镇城. “Evolution”一词译成“进化”及其传入中国的经过. 科技导报, 2000, 18(12): 8-11. | |
| [10] | Jin XX. Translation and transmutation: the Origin of Species in China. Br J Hist Sci, 2019, 52(1): 117-141. |
| [11] | Kimura M. The neutral theory of molecular evolution: a review of recent evidence. Jpn J Genet, 1991, 66(4): 367-386. |
| [12] | Darwin CR. The Origin of Species. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2019. |
| 查尔斯·达尔文. 物种起源. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2019. | |
| [13] | Dawkins R. Blind Watchmaker:The Secret of Natural Selection in Life. Beijing: China Citic Press, 2016. |
| 理查德·道金斯. 盲眼钟表匠:生命自然选择的秘密. 北京: 中信出版社, 2016. | |
| [14] | Stiller J, Feng SH, Chowdhury AA, Rivas-González I, Duchêne DA, Fang Q, Deng Y, Kozlov A, Stamatakis A, Claramunt S, Nguyen JMT, Ho SYW, Faircloth BC, Haag J, Houde P, Cracraft J, Balaban M, Mai U, Chen GJ, Gao RS, Zhou CR, Xie YL, Huang ZJ, Cao Z, Yan Z, Ogilvie HA, Nakhleh L, Lindow B, Morel B, Fjelds? J, Hosner PA, da Fonseca RR, Petersen B, Tobias JA, Székely T, Kennedy JD, Reeve AH, Liker A, Stervander M, Antunes A, Tietze DT, Bertelsen MF, Lei FM, Rahbek C, Graves GR, Schierup MH, Warnow T, Braun EL, Gilbert MTP, Jarvis ED, Mirarab S, Zhang GJ. Complexity of avian evolution revealed by family-level genomes. Nature, 2024, 629(8013): 851-860. |
| [15] | Steenwyk JL, Li YN, Zhou XF, Shen XX, Rokas A. Incongruence in the phylogenomics era. Nat Rev Genet, 2023, 24(12): 834-850. |
| [16] | Aguillon SM, Dodge TO, Preising GA, Schumer M. Introgression. Curr Biol, 2022, 32(16): R865-R868. |
| [17] | Eldredge N, Gould S. “Punctuated Equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered.” Paleobiology, 1977, 3(2): 115-151. |
| [18] | Abzhanov A, Protas M, Grant BR, Grant PR, Tabin CJ. Bmp4 and morphological variation of beaks in Darwin's finches. Science, 2004, 305(5689): 1462-1465. |
| [19] | Abzhanov A, Kuo WP, Hartmann C, Grant BR, Grant PR, Tabin CJ. The calmodulin pathway and evolution of elongated beak morphology in Darwin's finches. Nature, 2006, 442(7102): 563-567. |
| [20] | Carroll SB. Evo-devo and an expanding evolutionary synthesis: a genetic theory of morphological evolution. Cell, 2008, 134(1): 25-36. |
| [21] | Gould SJ. Ontogeny and Phylogeny. Harvard University Press, 1977. |
| [22] | Wagner A. Neutralism and selectionism: a network-based reconciliation. Nat Rev Genet, 2008, 9(12): 965-974. |
| [23] | Mayr E. Animal Species and Evolution. Cambridge, MA and London, England: Harvard University Press, 1963. |
| [24] | Carroll SB. Endless Forms Most Beautiful: The New Science of Evo Devo and the Making of the Animal Kingdom. W. W. Norton & Company, 2005. |
| [25] | Mayr E. The emergence of evolutionary novelties. Evolution after Darwin, 1960, 1: 349-380. |
| [26] | Simpson GG. The Major Features of Evolution. Columbia University Press, 1953. |
| [27] | Erwin DH. Prospects for a general theory of evolutionary novelty. J Comput Biol, 2019, 26(7): 735-744. |
| [28] | Mayr E. What Evolution Is. Basic Books, 2001. |
| [29] | Gehring WJ. The evolution of vision. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol, 2014, 3(1): 1-40. |
| [30] | Davidson EH, Erwin DH. Gene regulatory networks and the evolution of animal body plans. Science, 2006, 311(5762): 796-800. |
| [31] | Steinmetz PRH, Aman A, Kraus JEM, Technau U. Gut-like ectodermal tissue in a sea anemone challenges germ layer homology. Nat Ecol Evol, 2017, 1(10): 1535-1542. |
| [32] | Arendt D, Tosches MA, Marlow H. From nerve net to nerve ring, nerve cord and brain--evolution of the nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2016, 17(1): 61-72. |
| [33] | Shubin N, Tabin C, Carroll S. Deep homology and the origins of evolutionary novelty. Nature, 2009, 457(7231): 818-823. |
| [34] | Riedl R. A systems-analytical approach to macro- evolutionary phenomena. Q Rev Biol, 1977, 52(4): 351-370. |
| [35] | Riedl R. Order in Living Organisms: A Systems Analysis of Evolution. John Wiley & Sons, 1978. |
| [36] | Müller GB, Wagner GP. Novelty in evolution: restructuring the concept. Annu Rev Ecol Syst, 1991, 22: 229-256. |
| [37] | Müller GB, Newman SA. Editorial: evolutionary innovation and morphological novelty. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol, 2005, 304(6): 485-486. |
| [38] | Gould SJ. Common pathways of illumination. Nat Hist, 1994, 103(12): 10-20. |
| [39] | Pigliucci M, Müller GB. Evolution, the Extended Synthesis. The MIT Press, 2010. |
| [40] | Wagner G, Pavlicev M, Cheverud J. The road to modularity. Nat Rev Genet, 2007, 8: 921-931. |
| [41] | Gould SJ, Lewontin RC. The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 1979, 205(1161): 581-598. |
| [42] | Müller GB. Evo-devo: extending the evolutionary synthesis. Nat Rev Genet, 2007, 8(12): 943-949. |
| [43] | Pigliucci M. Do we need an extended evolutionary synthesis? Evolution, 2007, 61(12): 2743-2749. |
| [44] | Kirillova A, Genikhovich G, Pukhlyakova E, Demilly A, Kraus Y, Technau U. Germ-layer commitment and axis formation in sea anemone embryonic cell aggregates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2018, 115(8): 1813-1818. |
| [45] | Kraus Y, Fritzenwanker JH, Genikhovich G, Technau U. The blastoporal organiser of a sea anemone. Curr Biol, 2007, 17(20): R874-R876. |
| [46] | Technau U, Scholz CB. Origin and evolution of endoderm and mesoderm. Int J Dev Biol, 2003, 47(7/8): 531-539. |
| [47] | Wagner GP. Homology, Genes, and Evolutionary Innovation. Princeton University Press, 2014. |
| [48] | Young NM, Hallgrímsson B. Serial homology and the evolution of mammalian limb covariation structure. Evolution, 2005, 59(12): 2691-2704. |
| [49] | Chen PJ, Dong ZM, Zhen SN. An exceptionally well-preserved theropod dinosaur from the Yixian Formation of China. Nature, 1998, 391: 147-152. |
| [50] | Benton MJ, Dhouailly D, Jiang BY, McNamara M. The early origin of feathers. Trends Ecol Evol, 2019, 34(9): 856-869. |
| [51] | Chang WL, Wu H, Chiu YK, Wang S, Jiang TX, Luo ZL, Lin YC, Li A, Hsu JT, Huang HL, Gu HJ, Lin TY, Yang SM, Lee TT, Lai YC, Lei MX, Shie MY, Yao CT, Chen YW, Tsai JC, Shieh SJ, Hwu YK, Cheng HC, Tang PC, Hung SC, Chen CF, Habib M, Widelitz RB, Wu P, Juan WT, Chuong CM. The making of a flight geather: bio-architectural principles and adaptation. Cell, 2019, 179(6): 1409-1423. e17. |
| [52] | Xu X, Guo Y. The origin and early evolution of feathers: insights from recent paleontological and neontological data. Vertebr Palasiat, 2009, 47(4): 311-329. |
| [53] | Saunders JW, Cairns JM, Gasseling MT. The role of the apical ridge of ectoderm in the differentiation of the morphological structure and inductive specificity of limb parts in the chick. J Morphol, 1957, 101(1): 57-87. |
| [54] | Meyer A, Schloissnig S, Franchini P, Du K, Woltering JM, Irisarri I, Wong WY, Nowoshilow S, Kneitz S, Kawaguchi A, Fabrizius A, Xiong PW, Dechaud C, Spaink HP, Volff JN, Simakov O, Burmester T, Tanaka EM, Schartl M. Giant lungfish genome elucidates the conquest of land by vertebrates. Nature, 2021, 590(7845): 284-289. |
| [55] | Wang K, Wang J, Zhu CL, Yang LD, Ren YD, Ruan J, Fan GY, Hu J, Xu WJ, Bi XP, Zhu YA, Song Y, Chen HT, Ma TT, Zhao RP, Jiang HF, Zhang B, Feng CG, Yuan Y, Gan XN, Li YX, Zeng HH, Liu Q, Zhang YL, Shao F, Hao SJ, Zhang H, Xu X, Liu X, Wang DP, Zhu M, Zhang GJ, Zhao WM, Qiu Q, He SP, Wang W. African lungfish genome sheds light on the vertebrate water-to-land transition. Cell, 2021, 184(5): 1362-1376. e18. |
| [56] | Bi XP, Wang K, Yang LD, Pan HL, Jiang HF, Wei QW, Fang MQ, Yu H, Zhu CL, Cai YR, He YM, Gan XN, Zeng HH, Yu DQ, Zhu YA, Jiang HF, Qiu Q, Yang HM, Zhang YE, Wang W, Zhu M, He SP, Zhang GJ. Tracing the genetic footprints of vertebrate landing in non-teleost ray-finned fishes. Cell, 2021, 184(5): 1377-1391. e14. |
| [57] | Cieri RL, Churchill SE, Franciscus RG, Tan JZ, Hare B. Craniofacial feminization, social tolerance, and the origins of behavioral modernity. Curr Anthropol, 2014, 55(4): 419-443. |
| [58] | Holton NE, Bonner LL, Scott JE, Marshall SD, Franciscus RG, Southard TE. The ontogeny of the chin: an analysis of allometric and biomechanical scaling. J Anat, 2015, 226(6): 549-559. |
| [59] | DeSilva J. First Steps: How Upright Walking Made Us Human. Harper Collins, 2021. |
| [60] | Flatt T, Schmidt PS. Integrating evolutionary and molecular genetics of aging. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2009, 1790(10): 951-962. |
| [61] | Wagner GP, Kshitiz, Dighe A, Levchenko A. The coevolution of placentation and cancer. Annu Rev Anim Biosci, 2022, 10: 259-279. |
| [62] | Kshitiz, Afzal J, Maziarz JD, Hamidzadeh A, Liang C, Erkenbrack EM, Kim HN, Haeger JD, Pfarrer C, Hoang T, Ott T, Spencer T, Pavli?ev M, Antczak DF, Levchenko A, Wagner GP. Evolution of placental invasion and cancer metastasis are causally linked. Nat Ecol Evol, 2019, 3(12): 1743-1753. |
| [63] | Gould SJ. The grandeur of life:Gould's theory of the great history of biology. Taiwan: Times Culture Publishing Co., Ltd, 1999. |
| 史蒂芬·古尔德. 生命的壮阔:古尔德论生物大历史. 中国台北: 时报文化出版企业股份有限公司, 1999. | |
| [64] | Sterelny K. Dawkins vs Gould: Survival of the Fittest. UK: Icon, 2007. |
| [65] | Gould SJ. Is a new and general theory of evolution emerging? Paleobiology, 1980, 6(1): 119-130. |
| [66] | Gould SJ. Darwinism and the expansion of evolutionary theory. Science, 1982, 216(4544): 380-387. |
| [67] | Gould SJ. A developmental constraint in cerion, with comments on the definition and interpretation of constraint in evolution. Evolution, 1989, 43(3): 516-539. |
| [68] | Martín-Durán JM, Vellutini BC. Old Questions and Young Approaches to Animal Evolution. Springer, Cham, 2019. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
www.chinagene.cn
备案号：京ICP备09063187号-4
总访问:,今日访问:,当前在线:
