遗传学作为生命科学的核心学科之一，在医学、农业、环境保护等诸多领域中具有广泛的应用。随着生物技术的快速发展，遗传学教育面临着新的挑战和要求。传统的教学模式在培养学生的创新能力、实践能力及综合素质方面逐渐显现出其局限性。为了提升遗传学教育的质量和效果，推动教学改革已成为当前教育工作者和研究者的关注重点。本文采用文献计量学方法，对1986~2023年间国内外遗传学教学改革领域的690篇相关文献进行了全面梳理和分析。研究内容包括文献的时间分布、研究主题、主要研究机构和作者、关键词共现等多个维度。结果显示，遗传学教学改革研究呈现出逐年增加的趋势，关键词分析表明，教学改革、实验教育和医学遗传学等主题已成为研究的焦点，而这些主题的研究主要集中在教学方法的创新与实践、提升教学质量和效果等方面。高产机构主要集中在农业和生命科学领域，特别是农业大学和综合性大学的生命科学学院。本文总结了遗传学教学改革的现状和发展趋势，为未来的研究提供了科学依据和借鉴。希望通过本研究，能够促进遗传学教育的创新发展，培养更多具有创新精神和实践能力的高素质人才。

Genetics, as a core discipline of life sciences, has broad applications in medicine, agriculture, and environmental protection. With the rapid development in biotechnology, genetic education is facing new challenges and demands. Traditional teaching models have gradually revealed limitations in cultivating students' innovative abilities, practical skills, and comprehensive qualities. To enhance the quality and effectiveness of genetic education, promoting educational reform has become a focal point for educators and researchers. This study employs bibliometric methods to comprehensively review and analyze 690 relevant publications on genetic education reform from 1986 to 2023, encompassing both domestic and international contexts. The analysis covers multiple dimensions, including the time distribution of publications, research topics, major research institutions and authors, and keyword co-occurrence. Results indicate a steady annual growth in research on genetic education reform. Keyword analysis reveals prominent themes such as “educational reform”, “experimental education” and “medical genetics”, focusing on innovative teaching methods and improving educational outcomes. High-output institutions are primarily found in the fields of agriculture and life sciences, particularly within agricultural universities and the life sciences of comprehensive universities. Here, we summarize the current state and development trends in genetic education reform, providing a scientific basis and reference for future research. This study will promote the innovative development of genetic education and cultivate more high-quality talents with innovative spirit and practical abilities.