古DNA揭示青藏高原西部阿里地区史前人群遗传演化及区域人群互动历史
收稿日期: 2024-12-26
修回日期: 2025-02-26
网络出版日期: 2025-02-28
基金资助
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC1523600);国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目(41925009);中国科学院稳定支持基础研究领域青年团队计划(YSBR-019)
Ancient genomes revealed the genetic history and interaction of prehistoric populations in the Ngari region of the western Tibetan Plateau
Received date: 2024-12-26
Revised date: 2025-02-26
Online published: 2025-02-28
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC1523600);National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(41925009);Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Stable Support for Young Teams in Basic Research Program(YSBR-019)
阿里地区位于青藏高原西部高海拔地区，自然环境恶劣，但因毗邻尼泊尔、印度和拉达克地区，作为连接中国西藏、中国新疆、中亚、南亚的十字路口，在早期人类的迁移和文化交流中可能扮演着重要的角色。近年来的考古学研究认为早在公元7世纪吐蕃王朝建立之前，阿里地区与克什米尔、尼泊尔、中国新疆等地存在大量文化交流。此外，阿里地区的生业经济也表现出与南亚等地的联系。最新的古DNA研究则从遗传学角度呈现出阿里地区古人群的动态演化历史及与其他地区人群的遗传交流。研究发现高原西部阿里地区古人群的遗传成分主要来自高原南部地区，且高原南部存在多次向西部的人群扩张。同时，阿里地区至少在距今2,300年就开始与邻近的中亚及南亚地区的古人群存在复杂的遗传互动，表明阿里地区与中亚和南亚地区不仅有文化上的互动，而且人群之间亦有着遗传上的交流。本文综合阿里地区古遗传学、考古学及动植物考古等相关研究，系统阐释了高原西部地区古人群的遗传来源、其人群内部的遗传结构，及其与高原其他地区和高原以外地区之间的文化交流和遗传互动等科学问题，为理解青藏高原西部地区古人群迁徙互动历史及其与区域考古文化、生业经济变化模式的复杂关系提供了重要参考。
白帆, 何伟, 高玉, 平婉菁, 付巧妹 . 古DNA揭示青藏高原西部阿里地区史前人群遗传演化及区域人群互动历史[J]. 遗传, 2025 , 47(5) : 501 -512 . DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-368
The Ngari Prefecture is located in the western part of the Tibetan Plateau. Despite its high altitude and harsh natural environment, it occupies a strategic position adjacent to northern Nepal, India, and Ladakh. As a crossroads connecting the Tibetan Plateau, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Central Asia, and South Asia, it likely played an important role in early human migration. Archaeological studies in recent years have revealed that even before the establishment of the Tubo Dynasty in the seventh century, the Ngari region maintained extensive cultural connections with Kashmir, Nepal, Xinjiang, and other regions. Furthermore, its subsistence economy reflected strong interactions between Ngari and northern South Asia. Recent paleogenetic studies have demonstrated that the genetic components of the ancient population in the Ngari region originated from the southern part of the plateau, with multiple population expansions occurring from south to west. These studies have also confirmed that alongside cultural exchanges, the Ngari region began experiencing complex genetic interactions with ancient populations from neighboring Central and South Asia at least 2,300 years ago. In this review, we integrate findings from paleogenetics, archaeology, archaeobotany, and zooarchaeology in the Ngari region to systematically examine the genetic origins of the ancient western plateau population and analyze both intraregional cultural-genetic interactions within the Tibetan Plateau and those between Ngari populations and external groups. This synthesis provides important insights for understanding the complex relationships between ancient population movements and interactions in the western Tibetan Plateau, as well as the transformation patterns of regional archaeological cultures and subsistence economies.
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