芸薹属植物在遗传学实验教学中的应用探索

李占杰, 贾琪, 郑婷婷, 王伟, 张冲, 秦源

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.24-366

遗传 >

2025 , Vol. 47 >Issue 7: 813 - 820

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-366

遗传学教学

芸薹属植物在遗传学实验教学中的应用探索

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1.福建农林大学作物遗传育种与综合利用教育部重点实验室，福建省海峡植物应用系统生物学重点实验室，福州 350002
2.福建农林大学农学院，福州 350002
3.福建农林大学生命科学学院，福州 350002

李占杰，博士，讲师，研究方向：染色体结构与基因组重复序列。E-mail: lzj8705@163.com

秦源，博士，教授，研究方向：植物雌配子体发育的分子机理。E-mail: yuanqin@fafu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2024-12-24

修回日期: 2025-01-14

网络出版日期: 2025-04-07

基金资助

福建农林大学本科高校教育教学研究重点项目(111422157)

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Application of Brassica plants as materials during the teaching of genetics experiment

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1. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
2. College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
3. College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China

Received date: 2024-12-24

Revised date: 2025-01-14

Online published: 2025-04-07

Supported by

Key Project of UnderGraduate Education and Teaching Research of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(111422157)

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摘要

芸薹属(Brassica)植物包含3个二倍体基本种及由3个基本种两两杂交和基因组加倍形成的复合种，即异源四倍体种，其进化历程一直被用作本科遗传学教学中阐述物种形成和染色体数目变异机制的经典案例。本文以芸薹属植物作为遗传学实验教学材料进行了实践探索，从形态观察到染色体观察，再到染色体倍性和核型分析，形成一个综合性实验体系，让学生从宏观到微观，深入透彻理解染色体倍性与物种形成的关系，领会多倍体形成的理论及其在育种实践中的应用。

关键词： 芸薹属植物; 农林类专业; 遗传学; 实验教学

本文引用格式

李占杰, 贾琪, 郑婷婷, 王伟, 张冲, 秦源 . 芸薹属植物在遗传学实验教学中的应用探索[J]. 遗传, 2025 , 47(7) : 813 -820 . DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-366

Abstract

The Brassica genus includes three diploid species and three amphidiploid species which were formed by the hybridization and genome duplication between pairs of the three diploid species. The evolution process of Brassica species has been used as a classic case to explain the mechanism of speciation and chromosome number variation in undergraduate genetics teaching. In this study, the authors designed a comprehensive experiment using Brassica plants as the experimental teaching material of genetics. The experimental system includes morphological observation, chromosome observation, and analysis of chromosome ploidy and karyotype. This experimental system includes experiments from macro to micro, will help students to understand the relationship between chromosome ploidy and speciation, and will help them to master the theory of polyploid formation and its application in breeding practice.

Key words： Brassica; agriculture and forestry major; genetics; experimental teaching

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