水稻大穗突变体hry1的鉴定与基因定位
收稿日期: 2025-03-26
修回日期: 2025-04-05
网络出版日期: 2025-04-24
基金资助
海南省优秀人才团队项目资助
Identification and gene mapping of hry1 mutant in rice
Received date: 2025-03-26
Revised date: 2025-04-05
Online published: 2025-04-24
Supported by
Outstanding Talent Team Project from Hainan Province
水稻的单株产量主要由分蘖数、穗粒数和粒重等三要素决定，并且这3个因素相互联系、相互制约和相互补偿，尤其是穗数和每穗粒数有较大的负相关，只有在各因素协调发展的情况下，才能获得高产。由于调控途径和通路之间的复杂性，水稻穗发育的调控机制仍未得到全面解释，需要进一步研究。本研究对东北优异粳稻品种空育131的EMS诱变体库进行筛选，鉴定出2个株高和每穗粒数均显著增加、分蘖减少的突变体，将其命名为hry1-1 (height, reduced tiller, yield 1-1)和hry1-2。与野生型相比，hry1-1和hry1-2突变体的株高、单株产量、穗长、每穗粒数、粒长、粒宽和粒厚等性状均显著增加，而分蘖数显著下降。遗传分析结果显示，hry1-1和hry1-2为等位变异突变体，其表型是由单个核基因隐性突变造成的。基于重测序的MutMap分析和图位克隆，本研究将HRY1基因定位在水稻第1号染色体上M33~M28标记之间576 kb物理区间内。细胞学分析结果表明，hry1突变体幼穗分化过程中具有更高的细胞分裂频次。此外，hry1突变体中细胞周期蛋白相关基因CycAs、CycBs、CycDs和CDKs等表达量显著高于野生型，表明HRY1可能通过调控细胞分裂影响水稻的穗发育和产量。综上所述，HRY1基因在水稻穗分化和发育调控过程中具有的重要作用，将为水稻高产稳产的分子设计育种提供新基因和思路。
陈佳丹, 林涛, 王弯, 金成, 左建儒, 粘金沯 . 水稻大穗突变体hry1的鉴定与基因定位[J]. 遗传, 2025 , 47(7) : 797 -812 . DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.25-084
The number of tillers, the number of grains per panicle and the weight of grains, which are interrelated, mutually restricted and mutually compensated. In addition, they mainly determine the grain yield per plant in rice; especially panicle number and grain number per panicle have a large negative correlation, so high yield can be obtained only in the case of coordinated development of all factors. Nevertheless, many of the modes that regulate rice grain number and grain size remain unexplained and require further study, owing to the complex regulatory modes within and among the pathways. In this study, two mutants of grain number have been identified in the background of KY131 (Kongyu131, an excellent japonica rice variety in Northeast of China) by EMS mutagens, named as hry1-1 (height, reduced tiller, yield 1-1) and hry1-2. Compared with the wild type, the hry1-1 and hry1-2 mutants have excellent agronomic traits, including the plant height, yield per plant, panicle length, number of grains per spike, grain length, grain width and grain thickness, while significantly decreased the number of tillers. Genetic analysis showed that hry1-1 and hry1-2 were allelic mutants or the same mutant, and the mutation in a recessive nuclear gene caused their phenotypes. The results of MutMap analysis based on resequencing and map cloning showed that the HRY1 was located in the 576 kb physical interval between M33 and M28 markers on chromosome 1 in rice. Cytological analysis of young panicle and glume epidermis in hry1 mutants indicated that hry1 mutant have higher cell division frequency and cell size during differentiation of young panicle. In addition, the hry1 mutants have significantly higher the expression levels of cyclin-related genes CycAs, CycBs, CycDs and CDKs than wild type, suggesting that HRY1 may be involved in panicle development and yield formation by regulating cell division in rice. In summary, HRY1 gene plays an important role in the regulation of the differentiation and development of panicle, which will provide a new idea for molecular design breeding to improve high and stable yield in rice.
Key words： rice; number of grains per panicle; yield; cell cycle
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