为分析猪胃不同解剖学部位微生物多样性和组成特征，本研究以成年“长×大”LY二元杂交母猪为研究对象，采集胃食管沟、胃底、胃体小弯、胃体大弯、胃窦中部、胃憩室、幽门圆枕和幽门8个部位黏膜样品，对各部位微生物16S rRNA V3-V4高变区进行高通量测序并进行分析。结果发现，猪胃8个部位微生物多样性存在差异。胃底和胃体大弯的微生物多样性和丰富度较高；而食管沟、胃体小弯、胃窦中部、胃憩室、幽门圆枕与幽门微生物多样性和丰富度较低。猪胃8个部位的黏膜微生物主要由厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)组成。在食管沟和胃窦中部还发现，蓝藻菌门(Cyanobacteria)的相对含量也较高。而不同部位的优势菌属则存在较大差异。食管沟、胃底、胃体小弯和胃体大弯的优势菌为乳酸菌属(Lactobacillus)，胃窦中部的优势菌为代尔夫特菌属(Delftia)和金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium)，胃憩室和幽门的优势菌为拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)，幽门圆枕的优势菌为变形杆菌(Proteus)。进一步对各部位微生物的功能分析显示，胃内发挥代谢功能和细胞活动最活跃的区域位于食管沟和胃体小弯。上述研究结果为后续深入理解胃的生理结构和功能提供参考数据。

To investigate the microbial composition and diversity across distinct anatomical regions of the porcine stomach, this study took adult “Landrace×Yorkshire” hybrid pigs as the research subjects. Mucosal samples were collected from eight regions, including gastroesophageal groove, gastric fundus, lesser curvature of the gastric body, greater curvature of the gastric body, middle antrum of the gastric antrum, gastric diverticulum, round pillow of the pylorus, and pylorus, and subjected by high-throughput sequencing targeting the microbial 16S rRNA V3-V4 hypervariable regions. The results showed obvious difference in microbial diversity among the eight stomach regions. The gastric fundus and gastric body greater curvature exhibited higher microbial diversity and richness, while the esophageal groove, gastric body lesser curvature, gastric antrum middle section, gastric diverticulum, pyloric bulge, and pylorus showed lower diversity and richness. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria constituted the predominant phyla across all eight regions of the pig stomach. A` relatively high abundance of Cyanobacteria was also detected in the esophageal groove and gastric antrum middle section. However, the dominant genera varied substantially across regions. Lactobacillus predominated in the esophageal groove, fundus, lesser curvature, and greater curvature. Delftia and Chryseobacterium were dominant in the mid-antrum. Bacteroides dominated in the gastric diverticulum and pylorus. Proteus was the dominant genus in the pyloric torus. Further functional analysis of stomach microbiome indicated the regions with the most active metabolic processes and cellular activity within the stomach were the esophageal groove and lesser curvature of the gastric body. These findings provide valuable reference data for future research on the physiological structure and function of the stomach.