我国的大豆(Glycine max)供给严重依赖国际市场，提升国内自给能力已成为保障粮食安全的紧迫任务。全国土壤普查数据显示，我国拥有约5亿亩盐渍土资源，其中约2亿亩具备农业开发潜力。在耕地资源紧张的背景下，培育耐盐碱大豆新品种，是实现盐碱地资源有效利用、扩大种植面积并应对土壤盐渍化挑战的战略性举措。快速碱化因子(rapid alkalinization factor，RALF)是一类作为配体的植物小肽，通过结合质膜受体复合物启动下游信号，协调植物生长发育与逆境响应。然而RALF小肽在大豆等重要作物中介导盐碱胁迫应答的具体分子机制尚不明确。本研究通过对大豆RALF家族进行表达模式分析，并结合碱性盐处理下的转录组数据，发现拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的AtRALF34在大豆中的两个同源基因GmRALF34a和GmRALF34b在根中优势表达，且其表达在碱性盐处理后受到显著抑制。利用基因编辑技术获得Gmralf34ab双突变体，该突变体表现为对碱性盐胁迫敏感性增强，相比之下，在中性盐胁迫下，突变体与野生型无显著差异。大田表型鉴定进一步表明，突变体在株高、节数和单株产量等农艺性状上均显著降低。综上，本研究初步揭示了GmRALF34s在大豆响应碱性盐胁迫及盐碱地适应性中扮演着重要角色，为深入解析其分子机制提供了重要遗传材料，并为大豆耐盐碱育种奠定了理论与材料基础。

China’s soybean supply is heavily dependent on international markets, making it an urgent task to enhance domestic self-sufficiency to ensure food security. Data from the national soil census indicate that China possesses approximately 500 million mu of saline-alkali soil resources, of which about 200 million mu have potential for agricultural development. Against the backdrop of tight arable land resources, developing new soybean varieties tolerant to saline-alkali conditions represents a strategic initiative to effectively utilize saline-alkali land, expand cultivation areas, and address the challenge of soil salinization. Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) are a class of plant small peptides that act as ligands, initiating downstream signaling by binding to plasma membrane receptor complexes, thereby coordinating plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the specific molecular mechanisms by which RALF peptides mediate responses to saline-alkali stress in important crops such as soybean remain unclear. Through expression profiling analysis of the soybean RALF family, combined with transcriptome data under alkaline salt treatment, this study identified two homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana AtRALF34, designated GmRALF34a and GmRALF34b, which are predominantly expressed in roots and whose expression is significantly suppressed following alkaline salt treatment. Using gene editing technology, we generated Gmralf34ab double mutants, which exhibited enhanced sensitivity to alkaline salt stress. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the mutant and wild type plants under neutral salt stress. Field phenotypic characterization further demonstrated that the mutants showed significant reductions in agronomic traits, including plant height, node number, and yield per plant. In conclusion, this study preliminarily reveals that GmRALF34s play an important role in soybean response to alkaline salt stress and adaptation to saline-alkaline environments, provides valuable genetic materials for further elucidating their molecular mechanisms and establishing a theoretical and material foundation for breeding salt-alkali tolerant soybean varieties.