法国作为欧盟最大的农业生产国，建立了成熟且系统化的畜禽遗传资源管理体系。该体系以完善的国内立法为基础，有效衔接欧盟法规，形成权责明晰、多方协同的治理架构。国家监管机构、公共科研机构、行业组织和育种服务机构分工协作，政府、科研与产业界紧密联动，确保遗传资源的保护、动态监测及可持续利用。针对反刍动物、生猪和家禽等不同畜禽种类，法国形成了差异化的遗传改良路径，并配套质量保障和动物终身可追溯机制。本文从多方协同治理格局、健全保护机制、推进畜禽适配的遗传改良布局、确保质量可追溯等关键领域对我国在畜禽遗传资源保护方面提出了有针对性的建议。

As the largest agricultural producer in the European Union, France has established a mature and systematic livestock and poultry genetic resources management system. Based on comprehensive domestic legislation and effectively aligned with EU regulations, this system forms a governance structure characterized by clear responsibilities and multi-stakeholder collaboration. National regulatory authorities, public research institutions, industry organizations, and breeding service institutions work in a coordinated manner, with close linkages among the government, research community, and industry to ensure the conservation, dynamic monitoring, and sustainable utilization of genetic resources. For different livestock and poultry species such as ruminants, pigs, and poultry, France has developed differentiated genetic improvement pathways, supported by quality assurance and lifetime animal traceability mechanisms. This paper puts forward targeted suggestions for the conservation of livestock and poultry genetic resources in China, focusing on key areas such as forming a multi-stakeholder collaborative governance pattern, improving conservation mechanisms, promoting the layout of genetic improvement adapted to different livestock and poultry species, and ensuring quality traceability.