对基因表达的时空特异性操控是解析基因功能、阐明发育过程及揭示复杂生理机制的重要前提。作为模式生物，秀丽隐杆线虫（Caenorhabditis elegans）在基础生物学研究中发挥了重要的作用，并为实现上述操控提供了理想的实验体系。近年来，随着单拷贝转基因、CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑以及条件性重组和诱导系统的发展，线虫中可实现时空特异性乃至单细胞分辨率调控基因表达的遗传工具不断丰富。本文系统梳理了在线虫研究中应用的主要时空特异性基因表达调控策略，重点介绍了组织特异性RNA干扰、条件性蛋白降解系统、可诱导转录调控系统，以及新近发展的Ribo-on/Ribo-off等方法，并从调控层级、技术优势、局限性及适用场景等方面进行了比较分析。这些工具覆盖了从转录、转录后到蛋白质水平的多个调控环节，为发育生物学、衰老机制、跨组织信号传递以及疾病模型构建等研究提供了重要的技术支持，也为解析复杂生命过程中的细胞自主性和非自主性调控机制奠定了方法学基础。

Spatiotemporal manipulation of gene expression is essential for dissecting gene function, elucidating developmental processes, and uncovering complex physiological mechanisms. As a model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans has played an important role in basic biology research and provides an ideal experimental system for achieving such precise control. With the development of single-copy transgenesis, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, and conditional recombination and inducible systems, the genetic toolkits for spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression, and even at the single-cell-resolution, have been greatly expanded in C. elegans. In this review, we systematically summarize the major strategies for spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression in C. elegans, with a focus on tissue-specific RNA interference, conditional protein degradation systems, inducible transcriptional regulation systems, and recently developed approaches such as Ribo-on/Ribo-off. These methods are compared in terms of regulatory levels, technical advantages, limitations, and suitable applications. Together, these tools cover multiple layers of regulation, ranging from transcriptional and post-transcriptional control to protein-level manipulation, and provide powerful approaches for developmental biology, aging, inter-tissue signaling, and disease models, while also establishing a methodological foundation for dissecting cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous regulatory mechanisms in complex biological processes.