41个法庭科学Y-STR基因座的序列多态性特征分析与应用

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.25-152

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Hereditas(Beijing) ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 355-376.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.25-152

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Analysis and application of sequence polymorphism features of 41 forensic Y-chromosome short tandem repeat loci

Lei Miao¹(), Chi Zhang², Kelai Kang², Xue Bai², Keli Guo², Li Yuan¹(), Le Wang²()

¹ Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing 100088, China
² Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China

Received:2025-07-17 Revised:2025-09-30 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2025-10-10
Contact: Li Yuan, Le Wang E-mail:947676188@qq.com;yuanliwcy@126.com;wangle_02@163.com
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3341001);Ministry of Public Security of China(2023JC15);Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security of China(2024JB027);Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security of China(2024JB046);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Abstract

Abstract:

Y chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) is an important genetic marker in forensic practices. Length-based Y-STR genotyping method has been used to screen paternal lineages and successfully solved many serious cases. However, it is hard to discriminate paternal lineages with similar or identical length-based Y-STR genotypes. Next-generation sequencing-based Y-STR genotyping method could be used to solve the problem, and already be applied to criminal scene investigations. Nevertheless, previously studied data were inadequate and scattered, and sequence features of Y-STR loci were insufficiently summarized, which hindered the deep forensic application of Y-STR loci. Here, we review the sequence features of repeat and flanking regions on 41 widely used forensic Y-STR loci based on public literature data. Furthermore, we identify haplogroup-associated Y chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms within these regions and explore potential applications of sequence-based polymorphisms. This review is expected to serve as a valuable reference for paternal lineage discrimination and paternal biogeographic ancestry inference using Y-STR sequence features.

Key words: forensic genetics, Y chromosome, short tandem repeat, sequence-based polymorphism

Lei Miao, Chi Zhang, Kelai Kang, Xue Bai, Keli Guo, Li Yuan, Le Wang. Analysis and application of sequence polymorphism features of 41 forensic Y-chromosome short tandem repeat loci[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2026, 48(4): 355-376.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1

Table 1

Repeat structures and reported repeat region sequences of 41 Y-STR loci"

基因座	Y染色体上重复区物理位置(GRCh38)	重复结构^[41]	常见重复区序列	参考文献
DYS385a/b	18680632~18680687	[TTTC]_a	[TTTC]_7~24	[8,12,20,22]
	18639713~18639756		[TTTC]₂ CTTC[TTTC]₁₀	[10]
			[TTTC]₁₀T GTC[TTTC]₅	[10]
			[TTTC]_13,15TTT A[TTTC]₂	[21,35]
			[TTTC]_11,17 CCTT	[12,25]
			[TTTC]_13,14 CCTTCCTT	[25]
			[TTTC]₈ T[TTTC]₄	[26]
			[TTTC]₁₁ TT[TTTC]₂	[21]
DYS391	11982089~11982132	[TCTA]_a	[TCTA]_6~13	[8,25,26,36]
			[TCTA]_8~9 CCTA[TCTA]	[35,36]
			TCT G[TCTA]_9~10	[8,25]
			[TCTA]₈TCT G[TCTA]	[26]
DYS392	20471987~20472025	[ATA]_a	[ATA]_7~16	[8,12,13,33]
DYS392	20471987~20472025	[ATA]_a	[ATA]_10,12~13A AA	[10,23]
DYS393	3263111~3263158	[AGAT]_a	[AGAT]_10~16	[8,21,23]
DYS393	3263111~3263158	[AGAT]_a	CGAT[AGAT]_10~16	[12,20]
DYS438	12825889~12825948	[TTTTC]_a	[TTTTC]_6~14	[8,10,12,21,25]
			TTTT A[TTTTC]_7,9	[26,33]
			[TTTTC]TTTT A[TTTTC]_8~9	[8,12]
			[TTTTC]TTTT A[TTTTC]₃TTTT A[TTTTC]₄	[12]
DYS439	12403517~12403564	[GATA]_a	[GATA]_8~15	[7,8,12,13,16 24]
DYS456	4402919~4402978	[AGAT]_a	[AGAT]_12~19	[8,21,26]
DYS458	7999839~7999902	[GAAA]_a	[GAAA]_10,13~22	[8,21,30]
			[GAAA]₁₁ TAAA[GAAA]₈	[8]
			[GAAA]_13~19G GAA	[8,21,33]
			[GAAA]_10,13G GAA[GAAA]_1,6	[21,33]
			[GAAA]₁₃G GAAG GAA	[21]
			GAA G[GAAA]_18~22	[8,12]
			GAA GGAA G[GAAA]_18~19	[12]
			[GAAA]_14~17 AA[GAAA]_2~3	[7,21,25,35]
			[GAAA]₂ AA[GAAA]₁₄	[33]
DYS481	8558337~8558402	[CTT]_a	[CTT]_17~32	[8,13,21,22,25 33]
			CT G[CTT]_18~30	[8,12,21,25,26]
			CT GCT G[CTT]_19~21,24~25	[25,26]
			[CTT]₂₁C CT[CTT]₂	[23]
			CT G[CTT]₃C CT[CTT]₂₄	[25]
DYS533	16281349~16281396	[TATC]_a	[TATC]_9~15	[8,12,13,20,25]
			[TATC]₇T GTC[TATC]₃	[25]
			[TATC]TAT A[TATC]₉	[12]
DYS576	7185318~7185385	[AAAG]_a	[AAAG]_11~22	[8,12,21,30,33]
			[AAAG]₁₆ GAAG[AAAG]₄	[33]
			A[AAAG]₁₆	[21]
Y-GATA-H4	16631673~16631720	[TCTA]_a	[TCTA]_8~15	[8,10,25]
			[TCTA]₇TC AA[TCTA]₃	[23]
			[TCTA]₈TCT G[TCTA]₃	[33]
DYS444	17114310~17114365	[TAGA]_a	[TAGA]_10~15	[8,12]
DYS444	17114310~17114365	[TAGA]_a	[TAGA]₂TA TA[TAGA]₁₃	[8]
DYS460	18888956~18888995	[CTAT]_a	[CTAT]_7~13	[8,33]
			[CTAT]₁₀ GTAT	[12]
			[CTAT]₈ GTAT[CTAT]	[10]
DYS549	19358338~19358389	[GATA]_a	[GATA]_9~16	[8,12]
			[GATA]₁₃GAT C	[36]
			[GATA]₅GAT C[GATA]₇	[36]
DYS557	21072826~21072889	[TTTC]_a	[TTTC]_12~21	[8,12]
DYS570	6993190~6993257	[TTTC]_a	[TTTC]_12~23	[8,12,33]
			T CTC[TTTC]₁₄	[33]
			[TTTC]₁₅ CTTC[TTTC]	[25]
			[TTTC]₅T CTC[TTTC]_13,15~17	[21,25,26]
			TT CC[TTTC]_16~21	[10,21,25,26,33]
			[TTTC]₁₅TT CC[TTTC]₃	[10]
			[TTTC]₂₀TT CC	[7]
			[TTTC]₉TTT G[TTTC]₇	[21]
			[TTTC]TTT A[TTTC]₁₈	[10]
DYS643	15314132~15314186	[CTTTT]_a	[CTTTT]_7~17	[8,12]
			[CTTTT]_5,8CTTT A[CTTTT]_1,6	[27]
			[CTTTT]₄CTTT C[CTTTT]₆	[33]
			[CTTTT]₈ C[CTTTT]₃	[33]
DYS388	12635604~12635639	[AAT]_a	[AAT]_10~15	[8,12]
DYF404S1a/b	23807934~23807997	[TTTC]_a	[TTTC]_9~19	[8,12,21]
	25862092~25862147		[TTTC]_9~19	[8,12,21]
			TT[TTTC]₁₄	[7]
			[TTTC]_11,12,14 TT[TTTC]₂	[12,21]
DYS522	7547585~7547624	[ATAG]_a	[ATAG]_8~15	[8,14,15,33]
DYS522	7547585~7547624	[ATAG]_a	[ATAG]₉A CAG	[33]
DYS645	21166022~21166061	[TGTTT]_a	[TGTTT]_7~10	[7,8,12]
DYS389-I	12500448~12500495	[TAGA]_a[CAGA]_b	[TAGA]_6~13[CAGA]_2~4	[8,12,13,21,26 36]
DYS437	12346267~12346326	[TCTA]_a[TCTG]_b[TCTA]_c	[TCTA]_7~11[TCTG]_1~4[TCTA]₄	[8,10,12,21,33]
			[TCTA]₄ GCTA[TCTA]₄[TCTG]₂[TCTA]₄	[33]
			TCT G[TCTA]₈[TCTG]₂[TCTA]₄	[25]
			[TCTA]_4~6TCT G[TCTA]_2~3[TCTG]₂[TCTA]₄	[25,33]
			[TCTA]₈[TCTG]CCTG[TCTA]₄	[10]
			[TCTA]_7,10~11[TCTG]₂[TCTA]₄TCT G	[14]
			[TCTA]₁₀[TCTG]₂[TCTA]₂TCT G[TCTA]	[33]
DYS635	12258860~12258951	[TAGA]_a[TACA]_b[TAGA]_c[TACA]_d[TAGA]_e[TACA]_f[TAGA]_g	[TAGA]_7~16[TACA]_1~4[TAGA]₂[TACA]₂[TAGA]_4~5	[8,10~12,15,23,25,29,33,35,36]
			[TAGA]_6~13[TACA]_1~3[TAGA]₂[TACA]₂[TAGA]₂[TACA]₂[TAGA]₄	[8,12,13,25,26 33]
			[TAGA]_8~9 CAGA[TAGA][TACA]₂[TAGA]₂[TACA]₂[TAGA]₄	[25]
			[TAGA]₂ TGA[TAGA]₅[TACA]₂[TAGA]₂[TACA]₂[TAGA]₂[TACA]₂[TAGA]₄	[25]
			[TAGA]₁₁[TACA]₂[TAGA]₂[TACA]₂[TAGA]₂ AAGA [TAGA]	[42]
DYS527a/b	23739648~23739735	[GAAA]_a[GGAA]_b	[GAAA]_10~22[GGAA]_3~9	[8,12]
	25930349~25930428		[GAAA]_10~22[GGAA]_3~9	[8,12]
			[GAAA]₃ A[GAAA]₁₁[GGAA]₇	[8]
			[GAAA]₅[GGAA]A[GAAA]₈[GGAA]₇	[12]
DYS596	8519499~8519594	[GGA]_a[GTA]_b[GGA]_c[GAA]_d[(GGA)(GAA)]_e	[GGA]₅[GTA][GGA]₃[GAA]₃[(GGA)(GAA)]_8~12	[8,12]
DYS627	8781972~8782055	[AGAG]_a[AAAG]_b	[AGAG]_2~4[AAAG]_12~23	[8,21]
			[AGAG]₃[AAAG]₇ TAAG[AAAG]₁₀	[8]
			[AGAG]_2~3 AG[AAAG]_17~19	[12,21]
			[AGAG]₃[AAAG]₄ AA[AAAG]₁₀	[8]
DYS19	9684380~9684443	[TCTA]_aCCTA[TCTA]_b	[TCTA]_8~16CCTA[TCTA]_2~3	[8,10,16,23,25 33]
			[TCTA]₁₃	[25]
			[TCTA]₁₃C TTA[TCTA]₃	[23]
DYS389-II	12500448~12500611	[TAGA]_a[CAGA]_bN₄₈[TAGA]_c[CAGA]_d	[TAGA]_6~13[CAGA]_2~4N₄₈[TAGA]_8~15[CAGA]_3~7	[8,10,12,13,16 36]
			[TAGA]₁₁[CAGA]₃N₄₈[TAGA]₉TAG G[TAGA]₃[CAGA]₄	[23]
			[TAGA]_9~11[CAGA]₃N₄₈[TAGA]_10~12[CAGA]_3~5CA CA	[25,43~45]
			[TAGA]_9~11[CAGA]₃N₄₈[TAGA]_11~13 CAGA TAGA [CAGA]₅	[25,36]
			[TAGA]₁₀[CAGA]₃N₁₁ GN₃₆[TAGA]₁₂[CAGA]₅	[24]
			[TAGA]₉[CAGA]₃N₃₆ CN₁₁[TAGA]₁₂[CAGA]₅	[26]
DYS390	15163067~15163162	[TAGA]_aCAGA[TAGA]_b[CAGA]_c	[TAGA]_2~5CAGA[TAGA]_7~14[CAGA]_4~10	[8,10,12,13,20 33]
			[TAGA]_11,13~16[CAGA]₈	[15,21,23,25,33]
			[TAGA]₄CAGA CAGA[TAGA]₁₂[CAGA]₈	[12]
			[TAGA]₄CAGATA TA[TAGA]₇[CAGA]₈	[33]
			[TAGA]₄CAGA[TAGA]₂TAG T[TAGA]₅[CAGA]₈	[33]
			[TAGA]₄CAGA[TAGA]_10~12[CAGA]_7~8 TAGA	[10,25,33]
DYS448	22218923~22219078	[AGAGAT]_aN₄₂[AGAGAT]_b	[AGAGAT]_5~15N₄₂[AGAGAT]_6~11	[8,12,23,25,26,33]
			TGAGAT[AGAGAT]₁₁N₄₂[AGAGAT]₈	[10]
			[AGAGAT]₈A AAGAT[AGAGAT]₂N₄₂[AGAGAT]₈	[10]
			[AGAGAT]AG TGAT[AGAGAT]₁₀N₄₂[AGAGAT]₈	[21]
			AGAGA C[AGAGAT]₉N₄₂[AGAGAT]₈	[16]
			[AGAGAT]₂AGAGA C[AGAGAT]₉N₄₂[AGAGAT]₉	[33]
			[AGAGAT]₉ AGN₄₂[AGAGAT]₈	[33]
			[AGAGAT]₃ AGAT[AGAGAT]₉N₄₂[AGAGAT]₈	[25]
			[AGAGAT]₁₂N₄₂[AGAGAT]AGA AAT[AGAGAT]₇	[8]
			[AGAGAT]₁₁N₄₂[AGAGAT]₄ GAGAT[AGAGAT]₃	[33]
			[AGAGAT]_11,13 N ₃₆[AGAGAT]₈^*	[13,33]
			[AGAGAT]₁₂ N ₃₆[AGAGAT]₉^**	[33]
			[AGAGAT]₁₂ N ₃₆[AGAGAT]₉^***	[7]
			[AGAGAT]_10,11 N ₃₈[AGAGAT]₉^****	[8,10]
			[AGAGAT]_9,11,13A GN₄₀[AGAGAT]₈	[8,12,23,33]
			[AGAGAT]₁₁N₁₈ CN₂₃[AGAGAT]₈	[26]
			[AGAGAT]₁₁N₃₁ CN₁₀[AGAGAT]₉	[3]
			[AGAGAT]₁₁N₄₁ T[AGAGAT]₃	[33]
DYF387S1a/b	23785361~23785500	[AAAG]_aGTAG[GAAG]_b[AAAG]_cGAAG[AAAG]_d[GAAG]_e[AAAG]_f	[AAAG]₃GTAG[GAAG]_3~4[AAAG]₂GAAG[AAAG]_1~3[GAAG]_5~13[AAAG]_10~19	[8,10,12,14~16,21,24]
	25884581~25884724			[8,10,12,14~16,21,24]
	25884581~25884724		[AAAG]₃[GAAG]₅[AAAG]₂GAAG[AAAG]_1~2[GAAG]_11~12[AAAG]_15,17	[12]
			A[AAAG]₃GTAG[GAAG]₄[AAAG]₂GAAG[AAAG]₂[GAAG]₉[AAAG]₁₄	[21]
			[AAAG]₃GTAG[GAAG]₄[AAAG]₂GAAG[AAAG]AA [AAAG][GAAG]₁₁[AAAG]₁₆	[21]
			[AAAG]₃GTAG[GAAG]₄[AAAG]₂GAAG[AAAG]₂[GAAG]₁₁[AAAG]₂ AG[AAAG]₁₁	[12]
DYS447	13166826~13166950	[TTATA]_aTTATT[TTATA]_bTTATT[TTATA]_c	[TTATA]_6~10TTATT[TTATA]_6~13TTATT[TTATA]_6~11	[8,12,22]
			[TTATA]_8,11TTATT[TTATA]_7,12	[12]
			[TTATA]₆TTATT[TTATA]₁₁TTATT TTATT[TTATA]₈	[8]
DYS449	8349973~8350138	[TTTC]_aN₅₀[TTTC]_b	[TTTC]_11~18N₅₀[TTTC]_11~22	[8,12,21,22,31]
			CTTC[TTTC]₁₅N₅₀[TTTC]₁₅	[21]
			[TTTC]₉ CTTC[TTTC]₇N₅₀[TTTC]₁₈	[8]
			[TTTC]₂T ATC[TTTC]₁₂N₅₀[TTTC]₁₆	[21]
			[TTTC]₁₄T CTCN₅₀[TTTC]₁₄	[21]
			[TTTC]₅T CTC[TTTC]₁₂N₅₀[TTTC]₁₈	[22]
			T CTC[TTTC]₁₅N₅₀[TTTC]₁₃	[8]
			[TTTC]₈ TT[TTTC]₆N₅₀[TTTC]₁₅	[12]
			[TTTC]₁₆N₅₀[TTTC]₁₀ TT[TTTC]₄	[21]
DYS518	15207988~15208145	[AAAG]_aGAAG[AAAG]_bGGAG[AAAG]_cGAAGAG [AAAG]_d	[AAAG]₃GAAG[AAAG]_10~21GGAG[AAAG]_3~4GAAGAG [AAAG]_10~19	[8,12,21,22,31]
			[AAAG]₁₆GGAG[AAAG]₄GAAGAG[AAAG]₁₅	[12]
			[AAAG]₁₇GGAG[AAAG]₄GAAGAG[AAAG]₁₃ GAAG	[8]
			[AAAG]₃GAAG[AAAG]_15~16GGAG[AAAG]₄GAAGAG [AAAG]_11,12,14 GAAG	[8,12,21]
			[AAAG]₃GAAG[AAAG]₁₆GGAG[AAAG]₄GAAGAG [AAAG]₁₂ GAAG GAAG	[21]
			[AAAG]₃GAAG[AAAG]₁₆GGAG[AAAG]₄GAAGAG [AAAG]₂AAA A[AAAG]₁₀	[21]
			[AAAG]₃GAAG[AAAG]₂ AA[AAAG]_12~14GGAG[AAAG]₄ GAAGAG[AAAG]_12~14	[8,12,21]
			[AAAG]₃ GAAG[AAAG]₁₈GAAGAG[AAAG]₁₅	[21]
DYS593	16473883~16473956	[AAAAC]_aAAAAT[AAAAC]_b[AAAAT]_c	[AAAAC]₂AAAAT[AAAAC]₄[AAAAT]_7~12	[7,8,12,32]

Table 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Haplogroup-associated markers within the repeat regions and 200 bp flanking regions of 41 Y-STR loci"

基因座	Y染色体上物理位置(GRCh38)	相对重复区的位置(bp)	标记名称	单倍群	变异	rs号
DYS19	9684623	+180	Z18538	D1a2a1a3~	A>C	/
DYS389-I/II	12500272	-176	CTS2995/M8749	B2~	C>A	rs111696152
	12500532	+37^*	A6559/Y16707	I1a2b3a1b1~	T>C	/
	12500588	+93^*	A4862	A00	T>C	rs9786604
	12500592	+97^*	M2176	D1a2a1c1a1b1~	C>T	rs200724135
DYS390	15162929	-138	L909	R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a2~	G>A	/
	15163163	+1	L594	R1b1a1b1a1a2b1~	T>C	rs758940870
	15163167	+5	CTS7083/L664/S298	R1a1a1a1	T>G	rs766823340
	15163182	+20	Z19037	H2a1a1a~	G>A	/
	15163295	+133	CTS7084	E1a2a1b1~	A>C	rs779422325
DYS391	11981948	-141	ZS6612	J1a2a1b1a~	C>T	/
	11982182	+50	CTS1866/M8738	B2~	C>A	rs112815242
	11982219	+87	CTS1867/M5443/PF1624	E1b1~	C>G	rs73620086
	11982273	+141	F11313	C2a1a3a6b1~	T>G	/
DYS392	20472205	+180	NIST1/Y12381	G2a2b2a1a1a1b1	G>C	rs941310787
DYS393	3262951	-160	FT165447	G2a2b1b1a1b1d1b~	C>G	/
DYS437	12346247	-20	YP667	R1a1a1b2a2b2a~	G>A	/
	12346264	-3	M4790	E1b1a	C>T	rs9786886
	12346376	+50	Z15223	E1a2a2	T>C	rs758953715
	12346410	+84	BY50200	I2a1b2a1a1	T>C	/
	12346449	+123	BY32476	R1a1a1b1a2b3a3a2d~	C>T	/
DYS438	12825765	-124	M7968	B2b1a1c2~	A>G	rs369247501
	12825898	IN	F11559	C2a	C>A	rs2148290541
	12825989	+41	BY211512	D2	T>C	/
	12825903	IN	L1229	I2a1b1a1b1	C>A	rs866931087
	12825955	+7	L255	J1	A>C	rs760613324
DYS439	12403455	-62	L1/S26	R1b1a1b1a1a1c1a2a	C>T	rs750746218
	12403651	+87	L746/S310	R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1d1a	C>T	rs1251579421
	12403673	+109	Z5894	N1a1a1a1a2a1a1a1b1b~	G>A	rs768091692
DYS448	22218752	-171	Z5045	N~	G>C	rs947307733
DYS456	4402761	-158	Y148203/ZQ363	C2a1a3a6a	A>G	/
DYS481	8558280	-57	L417/S332	I2b	T>C	rs867108134
	8558321	-16	L266/PF6108	R2	G>A	rs368663163
	8558414	+12	FGC22049	I1a1b1a1e2d3~	G>A	rs1301469216
DYS533	16281279	-70	Z5606	B3~	C>A	rs997776572
DYS533	16281307	-42	Z21886	E1b1a1a1a2a1a3b1a12	C>G	/
DYS576	7185144	-174	M2716	H1a1a4b	C>A	rs564333556
	7185531	+146	FGC12290	R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a4b2a1b	G>A	rs985272522
	7185535	+150	Z30903	M1	C>T	/
	7185577	+192	CTS863/M1067	Q1b	T>C	rs533270637
DYS635	12258794	-66	FGC15938/Y6095	J1a2a1a2d2b2b2c4b2b~	A>C	rs767163356
	12259088	+137	CTS2593/M3521/PF2947	G2	C>A	rs571459235
	12259148	+197	PF6908	I2a2a2a1a~	C>T	/
Y-GATA-H4	16631756	+36	Y15322/Z34275	D1a1b1a	A>G	/
DYS444	17114537	+172	AM00760/Z33187	C1b1a2b	A>C	rs377741326
DYS444	17114550	+185	FGC16458/Y4616/Z18166	C2a	C>A	rs966666904
DYS449	8350318	+180	MF7253	O2a1b1a2a1a3a1b	G>A	/
DYS460	18889120	+125	S22509	I1a1b1a1e2a~	T>G	rs996177226
DYS518	15207837	-151	A8673	I1a2a1a1a1a1b2~	G>C	/
	15207843	-145	Z6417	G2a2b2a1a1c1a1a3a~	C>T	/
	15207961	-27	Z42071	S1d	C>A	/
	15207976	-12	Y18222	Q1b1a1b1a2~	T>G	/
DYS549	19358154	-184	M8467	B2b1a1~	G>T	rs377289496
	19358487	+98	FGC7345	G2a2b2b1a1b1a2	G>T	/
	19358532	+143	Z35436	G2a1a3a~	A>T	rs1052037290
DYS557	21072638	-188	FGC92075	G2a2b2b1b2c~	G>A	/
	21072966	+77	Y1571	CT	G>A	rs113094957
	21073003	+114	CTS11714/Z1697	E1b1a1a1a1c1a1a3a1c1b	C>A	/
	21073020	+131	BY196449	G2a2b2b1a2b~	G>T	/
DYS570	6993034	-156	L537/PF1507	E	G>A	rs9786374
	6993067	-123	FT52857	G2a2b2a4a3~	A>G	rs940797101
	6993388	+131	Z17878	G1b1	T>A	rs1019886325
DYS596	8519430	-69	FGC4411/Y14642	J1a2a1a2d2b2b2c4d2a2a4a3a1b~	G>A	rs866228777
	8519498	-1	M3481/PF2880	G	G>A	rs547817702
	8519779	+185	YP1545	R1a1a1b2a2a3b1a~	A>G	rs997182728
DYS627	8781866	-106	BY202840	C2b1b1b5~	A>T	/
DYS627	8781867	-105	Y17871	E1b1a2a~	G>C	/
DYS643	15314056	-76	FGC51456	R1b1a1b1a1a1c2b1b4a3a2	G>T	/
	15314156	IN	L936	Q1b2b1b2b2~	T>C	/
	15314236	+50	Y15373/Z34265	D1a1b1a	G>A	/
	15314237	+51	L143	E1b1b1a1b1a2a~	G>T	rs1030966993
DYS388	12635580	-24	Z27302	D1a1a1a1	G>A	/
DYS593	16473694	-189	YP1099	R1a1a1b1a2a2a~	C>T	rs937575049
DYS593	16474062	+106	BY201170	G2a2b2a4a1a1b2a~	T>C	/
DYS645	21165850	-172	Z38205	B2b1a2a~	C>A	rs367668646
DYS645	21166084	+23	M3423/PF3319	G2a2b1	G>A	rs575331280

Table 2

Fig. 3

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