Abstract: In this study, 129 samples of Han population in Yunnan province were detected by polymerase chain reaction and microtitre plate hybridization (PCR-MPH). The samples of DR*15 subgroup being detected by PCR-MPH were further analyzed by Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP). By first polymerase chain reaction and microtitre plate hybridization (PCR-MPH), all of the 129 samples were divided into the following subgroups, viz. DR*01，DR*03，DR*04，DR*0701，DR*08，DR*09012，DR*1001，DR*11，DR*12，DR*13，DR*14，DR*15， DR*1602 and DR*1604. The samples of DR*04, DR*08/12, DR*03/11/13/14 were further detected by second PCR-MPH and the ones of DR*15 by SSCP. 36 kinds of alleles on HLA-DRB1 were detected in these samples. Among them, DRB1*1501(0.1240)，DRB1*09012(0.0969), DRB1*08032(0.0930)，DRB1*1202(0.0891)，DRB1*1201(0.0814)， DRB1 *1401(0.0775)，DRB1 *0701(0.0620)，are the most frequent. The χ²test of HLA-DRB1 alleles was done between Yunnan Han and the other 9 Han populations. In detail, comparing with Yunnan Han on the χ²test, the χ2 values of few alleles in the few Han populations was more than 10, they were Xian Han（DR8，χ²=13.9712）, Shanghai Han（DR4，χ²=10.1632）, Guangdong Han（DR9，χ²=12.6121）and Nanjing Han（DR4，χ²=10.5796）. Comparing with 9 Han populations, the genetic distance between Yunnan Han and Liaoning Han was the nearest（0.0541），Guangdong Han was the farthest（0.1851）. In the 9 Han populations, the genetic distance between Shanghai Han and Nanjing Han was the nearest（0.0122），and the one between Tianjin Han and Shanxi Han was also nearer（0.0219）. Based on above analysis, the conclusion may be deduced that the resource of Yunnan Han may be close to Liaoning Han and it was not a typical southern Han population though Yunnan Han are resident in the South. Some gene flow may be exit between Yunnan Han and the local minorities and made Yunnan Han become a special population.