pnr与fred协同介导果蝇背板中部SOP细胞发生的双重调控

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.25-080

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Hereditas(Beijing) ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 87-101.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.25-080

• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles

pnr cooperate with fred to regulate SOP cell fate both positively and negatively in the medial notum of Drosophila

Kaiyue Song¹^,²(), Yifei Zhang¹^,²(), Yao Zhang², Shuting Long², Jianjun Peng², Yuandong Sun², Xiaojuan Cui², Benshan Pan², Yuxin Chai², Xiaoxia Wang², Jiahui Chen²

1. Sanya Institute of Hunan University of Science and Technology, Sanya 572024, China
2. School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China

Received:2025-03-24 Revised:2025-05-07 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2025-05-30
Contact: Yifei Zhang E-mail:2628211150@qq.com;zhangyf@hnust.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270528);Hunan Provincial Graduate Research Innovation Project(CX20231055)

Abstract

Abstract:

According to the “Prepattern Hypothesis”, the development of dorsal sensory organ precursors (SOP) in Drosophila melanogaster depends on the sequential regulation of prepattern genes, proneural genes, and neurogenic genes. In most cases, ectopic SOP formation caused by dysfunction of a single regulatory gene either exhibits spatial discontinuity or is restricted to proneural clusters. However, knockdown of the fred gene induces a novel phenotype of ectopic SOP that are spatially continuous and not confined to proneural cluster regions. This study reveals that fred knockdown-induced ectopic SOP formation is independent of proneural clusters, suggesting that nearly all wing imaginal disc cells possess neurogenic potential. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the prepattern gene pannier (pnr) cooperates with fred to regulate SOP cell fate through two distinct mechanisms: (1) pnr and fred are essential for endogenous SOP formation in the medial notum, while (2) they synergistically suppress SOP initiation outside proneural clusters. These findings challenge the canonical assertion in the “Prepattern Hypothesis” that SOP formation strictly relies on proneural cluster formation, thereby providing a critical extension to the hypothesis.

Key words: fred, neurogenic potential, sense organ precursors, pnr, cell fate determination

Kaiyue Song, Yifei Zhang, Yao Zhang, Shuting Long, Jianjun Peng, Yuandong Sun, Xiaojuan Cui, Benshan Pan, Yuxin Chai, Xiaoxia Wang, Jiahui Chen. pnr cooperate with fred to regulate SOP cell fate both positively and negatively in the medial notum of Drosophila[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2026, 48(1): 87-101.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 1

Up-regulated genes in fred-RNAi microarray analysis"

基因/别名	平均对照信号	平均实验信号	差异倍数	功能/同源性
转录因子 (6种)
Sox100B	124	412	3.3	HMG-box
cabut	201	574	2.8	Zinc finger, C2H2
CG6272	164	413	2.5	bZIP
CG18358	145	353	2.4	LIM domain
CG10916	291	1,541	5.3	Zinc ion binding
Arc1	117	2,642	22.6	Zn-finger CCHC type
酶 (30种)
CG18522	31	670	21.0	Aldehyde oxidase
CG3074	19.5	368	18.9	Endopeptidase
CG18547	139	3,165	5.8	NAD(P)-linked oxidoreductase
Nos	13	239	17.7	Nitric-oxide synthase
CG2064	60	645	10.8	Oxidoreductase
CG18493	41	330	8.1	Serine-type peptidase
CG3734	200	1,570	7.8	Serine-type peptidase
CG32549	139	1,041	7.5	5′-nucleotidase
GstE1	570	3,684	6.5	Glutathione transferase
GstE5	163	930	5.7	Glutathione transferase
GstE6	70	3,051	43.6	Glutathione transferase
amd	130	691	5.3	Dopamine metabolism
CG1582	178	692	3.9	Helicase
CG12224	245	852	3.5	Oxidoreductase
CG10638	1,406	4,835	3.4	Aldehyde reductase
CG5955	140	462	3.2	UDP-glucose 4-epimerase
CG3008	282	905	3.2	Protein kinase
CG6330	104	325	3.1	Uridine phosphorylase
kraken	192	563	2.9	Serine hydrolase
GstD3	1,356	3,966	2.9	Glutathione transferase
CG4210	289	818	2.8	Protein acetylation
Aldh	445	1,238	2.8	Aldehyde dehydrogenase
CG31549	526	1,434	2.7	Oxidoreductase
mre11	457	1,223	2.7	Exonuclease
AcCoAS	116	307	2.6	Acetate-CoA ligase
Ugt302C1	232	602	2.6	Glucuronosyltransferase
Ugt302K1	23	429	18.5	UDP-glucosyl transferase
MRP	620	1,610	2.6	Xenobiotic-transporting ATPase
l(2)03659	141	362	2.6	ATPase
escl	599	1,671	2.8	Histone methyltransferase
结构蛋白 (4种)
Tsp42Ed	19	523	27.7	Tetraspanin
Ndg	51	335	6.6	Cell adhesion
CG3397	119	529	4.4	Ion-channel
Cpr49Ah	284	842	3.0	Structural constituent of cuticle
受体/载体蛋白 (6种)
CytC1	48	372	7.8	Electron transporter
glob1	120	682	5.6	Oxygen transporter
Cyp6d2	139	745	5.3	Electron transporter
CG11897	109	487	4.4	Multidrug transporter
slf	215	886	4.1	C-lectin like
CG10126	134	480	3.6	Calcium ion binding
其他蛋白 (27种)
JhI-26	77	348	4.5	Juvenile hormone-inducible protein
Thor	140	575	4.1	Immune response
bgcn	920	2,469	2.7	RNA-binding protein
rev7	155	550	3.5	Cell cycle regulator
upd1	233	724	3.0	Receptor binding
Nplp2	219	660	3.0	Neuropeptide hormone
CG14786	123	343	2.8	Cell cycle
Cul-2	467	1,298	2.8	Nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex
CG8927	140	374	2.7	Exocytosis
CG4858	440	1,158	2.6	Nucleotide binding
ver	148	558	3.8	Telomere capping
Ude	136	376	2.7	DNA catabolic process
Qtzl	307	803	2.6	Metabolic process
vir-1	168	426	2.5	Defense response to virus
CG12640	164	409	2.5	ATP binding
Arc2	14	723	53.4
CG14059	237	3,659	15.4
CG15784	415	4,120	9.9
CG2909	110	831	7.6
Osi14	124	602	4.8
TwdlE	195	826	4.2
CG6353	230	752	3.2
CG16787	112	356	3.2
CG15347	143	412	2.9
CG9411	38	127	3.3
Broadened	307	754	2.4

Table 1

Table 2

Down-regulated genes in fred-RNAi microarray analysis"

基因/别名	平均对照信号	平均实验信号	差异倍数	功能/同源性
转录因子 (20种)
Doc3	294	104	2.8	P53 like transcription factor
klu	355	132	2.7	Zn finger (C2H2)
sr	316	116	2.7	Zn finger (C2H2)
dve	561	225	2.5	Homeobox
pnr	284	127	2.2	Zn finger (GATA)
ap	1,149	564	2.0	Homeobox/LIM domain
E(spl)mβ	3,930	1,940	2.0	N signaling pathway
psq	747	377	2.0	bHLH
salm	508	249	2.0	Transcription factor
ara	596	321	1.9	Homeobox
vg	1,250	665	1.9	Zn finger (GATA)
grn	341	190	1.8	Zn finger (GATA)
hth	1,638	932	1.8	Homeobox
mirr	937	526	1.8	Homeobox
grh	767	453	1.7	bHLH
E(spl)m7	1,084	656	1.7	N signaling pathway
E(spl)mδ	573	363	1.6	N signaling pathway
E(spl)m3	1,901	1,183	1.6	N signaling pathway
exd	1,085	659	1.6	Homeobox
nub	396	167	2.4	POU domain
信号转导蛋白 (2种)
E(spl)m2	582	263	2.2	N signaling pathway
E(spl)mα	1,525	722	2.1	N signaling pathway
酶 (15种)
Gnpda	594	229	2.6	Glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase
CG4914	733	288	2.5	Serine endopeptidase
CG42514	1,633	665	2.4	Adenylate cyclase
CG16733	437	186	2.3	Retinol dehydratase
fbp	397	170	2.3	Fructose-bisphosphatase
Ance	2,318	1,031	2.2	Peptidyl-dipeptidase
Fkbp14	438	210	2.1	Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase
Spn43Aa	2,371	1,155	2.1	Serine protease inhibitor
SAK	694	342	2.0	Serine/threonine kinase
tok	676	349	2.0	Procollagen C-endopeptidase
RasGAP1	253	135	1.9	EGFR signaling antagonist
CG9416	439	85	5.2	Peptidase
Tpst	504	229	2.2	Protein-tyrosine sulfotransferase
Cht3	592	282	2.1	Chitinase activity
Cht1	877	420	2.1	Chitinase activity
细胞黏附 (2种)
CG5758	284	107	2.6	Beta-Ig-H3/Fasciclin domain
leak	645	308	2.1	Immunoglobulin C-2 type
受体/载体蛋白 (7种)
CG10960	266	74	3.6	Glucose transporter
Cyp310a1	628	187	3.4	Electron transporter
CG3649	241	82	2.9	Sodium symporter
CG32447	248	99	2.5	GABA-B-like receptor
mnd	282	125	2.3	Amino acid transporter
LpR2	379	180	2.1	Low-density lipoprotein receptor
CG1607	1,494	720	2.1	Amino acid transporter
其他蛋白 (14种)
wbl	573	113.4	3.6	Protein processing
ImpE3	445	147	3.0	Imaginal disc eversion
bnb	5,095	1,706	3.0	Gliogenesis
cpb	2,227	855	2.6	F-actin capping
CG3770	453	199	2.3	Cell polarity
RpS12	511	227	2.2	Structural constituent of ribosome
ph-p	469	217	2.2	DNA binding
ImpE2	10,453	4,875	2.1	Imaginal disc eversion
Tl	334	162	2.1	Antimicrobial humoral response
Lcp2	1,408	683	2.1	Structural constituent of cuticle
bib	251	144	1.7	Connexon channel activity
ana	857	501	1.7	Secreted glycoprotein
neo	1,700	618	2.8	Regulation of embryonic cell shape
CG15905	629	267	2.4

Table 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

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