遗传 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 451-466.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.17-363

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昆虫天然免疫相关基因研究进展

刘小民,袁明龙()   

  1. 兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学草业科学国家级实验教学示范中心,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-06 修回日期:2018-03-14 出版日期:2018-06-20 发布日期:2018-05-21
  • 通讯作者: 袁明龙 E-mail:yuanml@lzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘小民,在读本科生,专业方向：草业科学。E-mail: liuxm14@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT_17R50);兰州大学大学生创新创业行动计划项目(20171073001014)

Progress in innate immunity-related genes in insects

Xiaomin Liu,Minglong Yuan()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, Lanzhou University; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2017-11-06 Revised:2018-03-14 Online:2018-06-20 Published:2018-05-21
  • Contact: Yuan Minglong E-mail:yuanml@lzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT_17R50);the Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Lanzhou University(20171073001014)

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摘要：

在长期进化过程中,昆虫形成了强大的天然免疫防御系统,即体液免疫和细胞免疫。体液免疫主要包括Toll、IMD和JAK/STAT 3条信号通路,通过信号转导及免疫途径调控免疫相关基因的表达,诱导产生抗菌肽和其他效应分子。细胞免疫由血细胞介导,主要完成对病原物的包裹、吞噬和集结等。近年来,昆虫基因组学快速发展,通过生物信息学等方法从昆虫基因组数据中已鉴定到大量免疫相关基因,对这些基因的研究加深了人们对昆虫天然免疫分子机制的认识和理解。根据基因功能,免疫相关基因分为识别、信号转导、调制器、效应分子、黑化反应、RNA干扰和其他基因等7类,这些基因通过互作来调控体液免疫和细胞免疫。本文对昆虫免疫相关基因的分类、功能及家族进化等方面的研究成果进行总结,并对今后昆虫免疫的研究重点进行了展望,以期为昆虫免疫分子机制的研究及开发新的害虫防治策略提供依据。

关键词: 昆虫, 天然免疫, 体液免疫, 细胞免疫, 信号转导

Abstract:

Insects have evolved a strong innate immune system to defense pathogens and adverse conditions. Insect innate immune system comprises of humoral immunity and cellular immunity. Humoral immunity mainly includes three signaling pathways, i.e., Toll, IMD and JAK/STAT, by which signal transduction and immune pathways regulate expression of immune-related genes and activate antimicrobial peptides and other effectors. Cellular immunity contains phagocytosis, encapsulation and nodulation of pathogens, which is mediated by hemolymph cells. In recent years, with the rapid development of insect genomics, a large number of immune-related genes have been characterized from insect genome data using bioinformatic methods. Studies on these genes have significantly deepened the understanding of molecular mechanisms of insect innate immune system. Insect immune-related genes can be divided into seven categories by gene functions: recognition, signaling transduction, modulator, effectors, melanization, RNA interference and other genes. The humoral immunity and cellular immunity are regulated by the interactions among these immune-related genes. In this review, we summarize the classification, function and evolution of insect immune-related genes, and propose future research directions of insect innate immunity, which will be helpful for understanding molecular mechanisms of insect innate immune system and developing new strategies for controlling pest insects.

Key words: insects, innate immune, humoral immune, cellular immune, signal transduction recognition