精子变形过程中组蛋白-鱼精蛋白替换调控机制

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.21-205

遗传 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12): 1121-1131.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.21-205

精子变形过程中组蛋白-鱼精蛋白替换调控机制

袁露^1,²(), 葛婷婷^1,², 牛长敏^1,², 徐文华^1,², 郑英^1,²()

1. 扬州大学医学院组织学与胚胎学教研室,扬州 225009
2. 江苏省非编码RNA基础与临床转化重点实验室,扬州 225009

收稿日期:2021-06-10 修回日期:2021-10-27 出版日期:2021-12-20 发布日期:2021-11-10
通讯作者: 郑英 E-mail:2920054914@qq.com;yzzkl@163.com
作者简介:袁露,在读硕士研究生,专业方向：生殖医学。E-mail: 2920054914@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目,江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目和扬州大学研究生科研创新计划项目资助(82071696);国家自然科学基金项目,江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目和扬州大学研究生科研创新计划项目资助(82101674);江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目编号(20KJA310002);扬州大学研究生科研创新计划项目(编号：XKYCX20_35)资助(XKYCX20_35)

Regulation of histone-to-protamine transition during spermiogenesis

Lu Yuan^1,²(), Tingting Ge^1,², Changmin Niu^1,², Wenhua Xu^1,², Ying Zheng^1,²()

1. Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yanghzou 225009, China;

Received:2021-06-10 Revised:2021-10-27 Online:2021-12-20 Published:2021-11-10
Contact: Zheng Ying E-mail:2920054914@qq.com;yzzkl@163.com
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071696);Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82101674);the Key Scientific Project for Jiangsu Provincial Universities No(20KJA310002);the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Program of Yangzhou University No(XKYCX20_35)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

精子形成是精子发生的最后阶段,圆形精子细胞经历了一系列的形态变化和染色质凝聚,形成了具有物种特异性的成熟精子。组蛋白-鱼精蛋白替换是精子形成过程中的重要事件。在组蛋白-鱼精蛋白替换过程中,组蛋白首先被睾丸特异性的组蛋白变体所替代,随后过渡蛋白整合到细胞核中,最后过渡蛋白被鱼精蛋白取代。组蛋白-鱼精蛋白替换缺陷可能导致无精子症、少精子症或畸精症,从而导致男性不育。本文系统总结了组蛋白-鱼精蛋白替换过程中的调控机制研究进展,以期为男性不育症的诊断和治疗提供理论基础。

关键词: 精子发生, 组蛋白-鱼精蛋白替换, 翻译后修饰

Abstract:

Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis, in which round spermatids differentiate into mature sperms through a complex process including morphological changes and chromatin condensation. Histone-to-protamine transition during spermiogenesis is a critical part of this biological process. Histones are initially replaced by testis-specific histone variants, then transition proteins integrate into the nucleus, and are in turn replaced by protamine. Impaired histone-to-protamine transition may cause azoospermia, oligospermia or teratospermia, which lead to male infertility. In this review, we summarize the research progress of regulatory mechanisms of the histone-to-protamine transition, thereby providing the theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.

Key words: spermiogenesis, histone-to-protamine transition, post-translational modification

袁露, 葛婷婷, 牛长敏, 徐文华, 郑英. 精子变形过程中组蛋白-鱼精蛋白替换调控机制[J]. 遗传, 2021, 43(12): 1121-1131.

Lu Yuan, Tingting Ge, Changmin Niu, Wenhua Xu, Ying Zheng. Regulation of histone-to-protamine transition during spermiogenesis[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2021, 43(12): 1121-1131.

图/表 3

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基因	基因敲除表型	功能	参考文献
H1t	雄性生育力正常	诱导局部染色质松弛	[2,3]
H1t2	雄性不育	参与PRM的掺入与染色质凝聚	[4,5]
Th2a/Th2b	雄性不育	调节染色质开放或总组蛋白水平	[8,9]
H2al2	雄性不育	组装开放的核小体并允许TP掺入	[10,11]
H2a.b	雄性生育力下降	调节H2AL2的解聚和TP1的掺入	[12,14]
H3f3a/H3f3b	雄性不育	有助于形成开放的染色质构型	[16,17]
H3t	雄性不育	-	[18,19]
Epc1	雄性不育	参与组蛋白的超乙酰化	[25]
Tip60	雄性不育	参与组蛋白的超乙酰化	[25]
Brdt	雄性不育	介导乙酰化组蛋白的替换	[33,34]
Rnf8	雄性不育	单泛素化H2A和H2B,调节组蛋白的解聚	[26,27]
Miwi	雄性不育	对RNF8的核转位必不可少,并促进组蛋白泛素化和解聚	[28]
L3mbtl2	雄性生育力下降	参与PRM1的沉积和染色质凝聚	[29]
Phf7	雄性不育	识别H3K4me2/me3并催化H2A泛素化以促进组蛋白的解聚	[37]
Pa200	雄性生育力下降	通过蛋白酶体介导乙酰化的组蛋白降解	[42,43]
Tnp1/Tnp2	雄性生育力下降	PRM2的掺入和染色质凝聚所必需	[46~49]
Dazl	雄性不育	调节TP mRNA的表达	[50]
Jmjd1a	雄性不育	调节精子基因组包装和染色质凝聚	[51,53]
Prm1/Prm2	雄性不育	染色质凝聚所必需	[55,56]
Camk4	雄性不育	介导PRM2磷酸化	[57]
Ppp1cc2	雄性不育	使鱼精蛋白2第56位丝氨酸(Prm2Ser56)去磷酸化	[58]
Ip6k1	雄性不育	调控TP2和PRM2的表达	[59]

精子变形过程中组蛋白-鱼精蛋白替换调控机制

Regulation of histone-to-protamine transition during spermiogenesis

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