摘要： ：研究玉米种质的遗传关系及其杂种优势模式对玉米育种者有着极为重要的指导意义.本研究对从国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)引入的及国内自育成的10个优质蛋白玉米(QPM)黄粒优良系进行了配合力分析及杂优模式的初步研究.这10个QPM优良系中有5个来自CIMMYT的热带、亚热带系;5个为国内自育成的骨干系.通过部分双列杂交获得45个杂交组合,将这些组合种植在云南省及广西自治区的三种不同生态条件下进行观察鉴定.产量的方差分析结果表明,品种之间、环境之间的差异达到极显著水平,而重复之间不显著;产量的一般配合力差异达极显著水平,而特殊配合力的差异不显著.杂交组合CML166×齐205具有最高产量(10880kg/hm2),杂交组合长631/02×中系096/02具有最低产量(5496kg/hm2).自交系CML161产量的一般配合力效应值最高(1010.53),自交系CML166产量的一般配合力效应值其次(947.11);而自交系中系096/02产量的一般配合力效应值最低(-1119.98).自交系CML194与忻9101/02具有最高的产量特殊配合力效应值(1813.50),自交系CML166与齐205产量的特殊配合力效应值也较高(1272.00);而自交系忻9101/02与齐205产量的特殊配合力效应值最低(-1670.96).根据杂交组合产量性状的配合力分析,可初步将这10个优质蛋白玉米自交系划分为4个杂种优势群和4种杂种优势模式。
Abstract：Information on the combining ability and heterotic patterns of maize germplasm is of great value to maize breeders.The objective of this study is to determine the heterosis and combining ability of 10 yellow Quality Protein Maize(QPM)inbreeds.Among these 10 QPM inbreeds,5 are tropical and subtropical QPM inbreeds introduced from CIMMYT,another 5 are from domestic provinces.These 10 QPM inbvreeds inbreeds were used to make up a 10-parent diallel and these 45 crosses were tested in three different environments in Yunnan province and Guangxi Autonomous region.Highly significant difference was observed among 45 entries and 3 environments for grain yield,while non-significant difference among 3 replications.General combining ability(GCA)was highly significant difference for grain yield,while specific combining ability(SCA) were non-significant.The highest-yielding cross was CML166×Qi205(10880Kg/hm2)and the lowest-yielding cross was Chang631/02×Zhongxi096/02(5496Kg/hm2).The highest value of GCA for grain yield is CML161 (1010.53),CML166(947.11),while the lowest value is Zhongxi096/02(-1119.98)The highest value of SCA for grain yield is CML 194×Xin9101/02(1813.50)and CML166×Qi205(1272.00),while the lowest value is Xin9101/02×Qi205(-1670.96).According to the performance of grain yield,these 10 QPM inbreeds could be divided into 4 heterotic groups.