遗传 ›› 2014, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 403-410.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2014.0403

• 综述 •    下一篇

DNA甲基化和去甲基化的研究现状及思考

邓大君   

  1. 北京大学肿瘤医院/研究所, 北京 100142
  • 收稿日期:2014-01-07 修回日期:2014-01-27 出版日期:2014-05-20 发布日期:2014-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 邓大君,教授,研究方向:肿瘤病因学和DNA甲基化研究。E-mail:dengdajun@bjmu.edu.cn E-mail:dengdajun@bjmu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:邓大君,教授,研究方向:肿瘤病因学和DNA甲基化研究。E-mail:dengdajun@bjmu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(编号:30921140311,31261140372)资助

DNA methylation and demethylation: current status and future per-spective

Dajun Deng   

  1. Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
  • Received:2014-01-07 Revised:2014-01-27 Online:2014-05-20 Published:2014-04-25
  • Contact: Dajun Deng E-mail:dengdajun@bjmu.edu.cn

摘要:

DNA甲基化通过调节基因转录、印记、X染色体灭活和防御外源性遗传物质入侵等, 在细胞分化、胚胎发育、环境适应和疾病发生发展上发挥重要作用, 是当前表观遗传学研究的热点领域之一。文章介绍了在过去几年中TET介导的DNA羟甲基化及其在早期胚胎发育中的作用, DNA主动去甲基化及其与被动去甲基化的关系, DNA甲基化建立及其与组蛋白修饰、染色质构象、多梳蛋白和非编码RNA结合等关系方面的重要研究进展和存在的问题以及DNA甲基化的转化应用前景。

关键词: DNA甲基化, 去甲基化, 表观遗传学, 稳态, 转化研究

Abstract:

DNA methylation plays important roles in cell differentiation, embryonic development, host adaptations to environmental factors, and pathogenesis through regulation of gene transcription and imprinting, X-inactivation, and defense of foreign genetic material invasion, is currently one of the hottest research fields on epigenetics. In the past few years, a number of important findings on DNA methylation have been achieved. These findings include discovery of TETs-catalyzed cytosine hydroxymethylation and its functions in the early embryonic development; the relationship between active and passive DNA demethylation; establishment and maintenance of DNA methylation patterns and their associations with histone modifications, chromatin configuration, polycomb group proteins and non-coding RNA bindings. DNA methylation has become a new potential biomarker and therapy target.

Key words: DNA methylation, demethylation, epigenetics, homeostasis, translational research