青藏高原隆升与环境变化驱动鸟类的遗传分化与物种形成

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.24-166

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Hereditas(Beijing) ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 133-145.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-166

• Review • Previous Articles

Environmental changes and uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau drive genetic diversification and speciation of the birds

Gang Song(), Yanhua Qu()

Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2024-06-08 Revised:2024-08-16 Online:2025-01-20 Published:2024-09-20
Contact: Yanhua Qu E-mail:songgang@ioz.ac.cn;quyh@ioz.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC32020103005);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20162);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070434)

Abstract

Abstract:

Being the most magnificent plateau in elevation and size on Earth, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a profound impact on biodiversity due to the unique geographic and climatic conditions. Here we review the speciation patterns and genetic diversity of the birds from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in relation to the geological history and climatic changes. First, the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau forms a geographic barrier and promotes interspecific and intraspecific genetic differentiation. Second, the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has provided new ecological niches for many endemic birds and facilitated their speciation. Third, the emigration and immigration of bird species between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent zoological regions have promoted species divergence, colonization and dispersal. Furthermore, Pleistocene glaciations and associated climate change drive postglacial colonization and lead to secondary contact, which influenced the genetic divergence of the conspecific populations and sister species. The multi-omics approach has increasingly been used in the studies on the ecological adaptive evolution of birds in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Future studies should focus on the role of geological and climatic factors in species differentiation, develop integrative approach with multi-omics methods, and explore the ecological mechanisms of high-elevation adaptation of plateau species. As an important region for biodiversity conservation, more efforts should be implemented to maintain the stability and sustainability of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its ecosystem in light of global change.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, bird, genetic diversity, speciation

Gang Song, Yanhua Qu. Environmental changes and uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau drive genetic diversification and speciation of the birds[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2025, 47(1): 133-145.

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 1

A summary of genetic diversification and speciation of the birds on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau"

青藏高原鸟类的遗传分化与适应	物种	参考文献
青藏高原隆升导致鸟类的隔离分化	鱗胸鷦鹛(Pnoepyga albiventer) 戈氏岩鹀(E. godlewskii) 橙斑翅柳莺(Phylloscopus pulcher) 藏鹀(Emberiza koslowi)	[9]
	朱雀属(Carpodacus)	[10]
	长尾山雀科(Aegithalidae)雀莺属(Leptopoecile)	[11,12]
	喜鹊(Pica pica)	[14]
	大山雀(Parus major)	[15]
	家燕(Hirundo rustica)	[16]
	淡色沙燕(Riparia diluta)	[17]
青藏高原隆升提供新的生态位	地山雀(Parus humilis)	[18⇓~20]
青藏高原隆升提供新的生态位	雪雀属(Montifringilla)、地雀属(Pyrgilauda)、白腰雪雀属(Onychostruthus)	[21,22]
青藏高原鸟类与邻近地区鸟类的区系交流	柳莺属(Phylloscopus)、鹟莺属(Seicercus)	[24]
青藏高原鸟类与邻近地区鸟类的区系交流	长尾山雀科(Aegithalidae)、旋木雀科旋木雀属(Certhiidae, Certhia)、燕雀科灰雀属(Fringillidae, Pyrrhula)、山雀科灰冠山雀属(Paridae, Periparus)、柳莺科(Phylloscopidae)、戴菊科(Regulidae)、画眉科噪鹛属(Leiothrichidae Garrulax sensu lato)	[11]
	画眉科(97%种类)	[23]
	雀科(Passeridae)、鹀科(Emberizidae)、岩鹨科(Prunellidae)	[25,26]
	黑眉长尾山雀(Aegithalos bonvaloti)、银喉长尾山雀(A. fuliginosus)	[27]
	黄腹柳莺(Phylloscopus affinis)	[28]
	绿背山雀(Parus monticolus)	[29]
	棕头鸦雀(Paradoxornis webbianus)	[39]
	绿背山雀(Parus monticolus)、酒红朱雀(Carpodacus vinaceus )、栗臀䴓(Sitta nagaensis)	[31,40,41]
青藏高原鸟类遗传适应机制	高海拔山雀和长尾山雀	[43,46]
	褐翅雪雀(Montifringilla adamsi)、棕颈雪雀(Pyrgilauda ruficollis)和白腰雪雀(Onychostruthus taczanowskii)	[22,48]
	树麻雀(Passer montanus)	[44]
	褐冠山雀(Lophophanes dichrous)、黑冠山雀(Periparus rubidiventris)、棕额长尾山雀(Aegithalos iouschistos)	[45]
	大山雀(Parus major)	[47]
	棕颈雪雀(Pyrgilauda ruficollis)、白腰雪雀(Onychostruthus taczanowskii)	[52]

Table 1

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