杂种优势形成机制和预测方法及其在猪生产中的应用与展望

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.24-137

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Hereditas(Beijing) ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 627-639.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-137

• Review • Previous Articles Next Articles

Heterosis formation mechanism, prediction methods, and their application and prospect in pig production

Jiahua Zhu(), Junnan Shen, Xudong Yi, Ru Li, He Yu, Rongrong Ding, Weijun Pang()

Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

Received:2024-05-11 Revised:2024-07-03 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-07-12
Contact: Weijun Pang E-mail:zhujiahua@nwafu.edu.cn;pwj1226@nwafu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000602);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-35);Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2022ZDLNY01-04)

Abstract

Abstract:

Heterosis is the phenomenon that the hybrid offspring outperform two-parent population. Hybridisation has been widely used in plant and animal production as it effectively improves the growth and developmental performance, reproductive performance and disease resistance of the offspring. Hybridization can effectively improve the growth and development performance, reproductive performance and disease resistance of offspring, so it is widely used in animal and plant production. Researchers have used cross-breeding techniques to cultivate excellent new agricultural and animal husbandry strains and supporting lines such as super-excellent Chaoyou 1000 hybrid rice, Xiaoyan No.6 hybrid wheat, Dumeng sheep, and Shanxia black pigs. However, there are still some urgent problems in the current hybrid dominance research: the existing hybrid dominance theory can only partially explain the phenomenon of plant and animal hybrid dominance, and the theory of animal hybrid dominance is less researched, and the accuracy of the existing hybrid dominance prediction methods is limited. China is the world’s largest pork production and consumption country. Heterosis can effectively improve the production performance of pigs, and its application in the pig industry has important economic and research value. However, the existing research on pig hybrid production is in its infancy and needs to be further studied. In this review, we summarize the existing heterosis theory, heterosis prediction methods, and their application in pig production, to provide a reference for the application of heterosis in pig breeding.

Key words: heterosis, heterosis formation mechanism, heterosis prediction, pig, hybrid production

Jiahua Zhu, Junnan Shen, Xudong Yi, Ru Li, He Yu, Rongrong Ding, Weijun Pang. Heterosis formation mechanism, prediction methods, and their application and prospect in pig production[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2024, 46(8): 627-639.

Figures/Tables 3

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 1

Research progress on pig hybrid production"

杂交组合	主要研究性状	研究结果	参考文献
巴克夏猪、藏猪	胴体性状：皮重、瘦肉率、熟肉率等肉质性状：氨基酸含量、脂肪酸含量等	巴藏猪瘦肉率比藏猪高21.2%，熟肉率高14.7%，必需氨基酸含量巴藏杂交猪比巴克夏猪高7%，非必需氨基酸高7%	[76]
高黎贡山猪、撒坝猪	生长性状：平均日增重、耗料增重比胴体性状：瘦肉率、胴体重、平均背膘厚	高撒杂交猪的平均日增重比高黎贡山猪高5.9%，比撒坝猪低6.1%，胴体重比高黎贡山猪高39.2%，比撒坝猪低16%	[77]
巴克夏猪、青峪猪	繁殖性状：总出生数、活产数、窝出生体重等肉质性状：屠宰率、滴水损失、肌肉pH值等	巴青猪比青峪猪重量提升18.54%，眼肌面积提升26.7%，45分钟失水率提升11.33%	[78]
塞尔塔猪、杜洛克猪、长白猪	生长性状：生长速度等胴体性状：胴体长度、活重等肉质性状：Fe-血红素等	杜塞猪与长塞猪比塞尔塔猪生长速度更快，杜塞猪比塞尔塔猪胴体长度长4.5%，两种杂交猪Fe-血红素比塞尔塔猪低33.51%	[79]
杜洛克、巴克夏、延安猪	胴体性状：胴体重、背膘厚肉质性状：肌肉pH值、滴水损失、蒸煮损失	杂交猪胴体比延安猪重37.3%，杂交猪的滴水损失和蒸煮损失更低	[80]
杜洛克、巴克夏、嘉兴黑猪	胴体性状：活重、眼肌面积等肉质性状：肌苷酸、肌内脂肪、游离氨基酸含量等	胴体性状(活重、眼肌面积等)杜杜巴嘉杂交猪优于嘉兴黑猪，肉质性状嘉兴黑猪优于杂交猪。FLNC、DUSP4等介导脂肪生成肌肉增殖和分化	[81]
巴克夏猪、广东小耳花猪	繁殖性状：总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重等生长性状：平均日增重、耗料增重比等	巴花猪的初生窝重比广东小耳花猪高16.4%，巴花猪的平均日增重比广东小耳花猪高131.6%	[82]
杜洛克猪、长白猪、约克夏猪	肉质性状：pH值、肉色、大理石花纹等	杜长约杂交猪pH₄₅值较亲本猪下降2%，肉色下降2%	[83]
嘉兴黑猪、巴克夏猪、杜洛克猪、长白猪	胴体性状：胴体重、活重、皮厚、背膘厚等肉质性状：pH值、肉色、大理石花纹等	胴体重巴嘉、杜巴嘉、杜长嘉较嘉兴黑猪分别提升27.8%、62.7%和60%，大理石花纹评分杜×巴×嘉较嘉兴黑猪提升7%	[84]
本地猪(种丫杈猪、青峪猪、凉山猪、内江猪、成华猪、雅南猪)、长白猪、大白猪、川乡黑猪、杜洛克猪	胴体性状：瘦肉率、眼肌面积等生长性状：平均日增重、平均耗料比等	90 kg时杜本猪、川本猪胴体瘦肉率比本地猪提高10%，川巴本三元杂交猪平均日增重比杜本、川本二元杂交猪提高约130g，平均耗料增重比下降约22%	[85]

Table 1

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Heterosis formation mechanism, prediction methods, and their application and prospect in pig production

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