miRNA参与调控植物应答干旱、盐胁迫的研究进展

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.25-181

遗传 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 61-75.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.25-181

miRNA参与调控植物应答干旱、盐胁迫的研究进展

李皓栋¹^,²(), 孟佳欣², 王滑¹, 董宁光²()

1.华中农业大学园艺林学学院，果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室，武汉 430070
2.北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所，农业农村部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室，北京市落叶果树工程技术研究中心，北京 100093

收稿日期:2025-06-23 修回日期:2025-10-31 出版日期:2025-12-31 发布日期:2025-11-18
通讯作者: 董宁光，博士，副研究员，研究方向：经济林遗传育种。E-mail: dongningguang@baafs.net.cn
作者简介:李皓栋，硕士研究生，专业方向：林木遗传育种。E-mail: 2240898591@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32401631);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力专项(KJCX20251401)

Progress on miRNAs involved in regulating plant responses to drought and salt stresses

Haodong Li¹^,²(), Jiaxin Meng², Hua Wang¹, Ningguang Dong²()

1. National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
2. Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

Received:2025-06-23 Revised:2025-10-31 Published:2025-12-31 Online:2025-11-18
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32401631);Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science Innovation Capability Construction Special Project(KJCX20251401)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

干旱与盐胁迫是制约植物生长发育与繁殖的常见非生物胁迫。为此，植物进化出了复杂的分子调控网络，使其能够敏锐感知外界胁迫并快速启动应答。其中，microRNA(miRNA)在这一过程中扮演了关键角色。植物miRNA是一类长约20~24 nt的非编码小分子RNA，通过转录后水平切割靶基因或抑制其翻译，从而参与调控植物应答逆境胁迫。近年来，随着高通量测序技术的快速发展与广泛应用，大量参与干旱与盐胁迫应答的miRNA被鉴定，其功能及作用机制也逐渐被揭示。本文系统综述了miRNA参与调控植物干旱、盐胁迫的分子机制，全面展示了miRNA调控植物抗旱耐盐的共性及特异性，并总结归纳了可作为生物育种潜在靶点的miRNA，旨在为植物miRNA的深入研究提供参考，也为植物抗旱耐盐遗传改良中的实际应用提供理论依据与前沿视角。

关键词: 植物, micoRNA, 干旱胁迫, 盐胁迫

Abstract:

Drought and salt stress are common abiotic constraints that limit plant growth, development, and reproduction. In response, plants have evolved complex molecular regulatory networks enabling them to perceive external stresses acutely and initiate rapid responses. Among these, microRNAs(miRNAs) play a pivotal role. Plant miRNAs are a class of non-coding small RNAs approximately 20-24 nucleotides in length, which exert their stress-responsive functions by cleaving target genes at the post-transcriptional level or inhibiting their translation. In recent years, with the rapid development and widespread application of high-throughput sequencing technology, a large number of miRNAs involved in drought and salt stress responses have been identified, and their functions and mechanisms of action have been gradually elucidated. In this review, we systematically summarize the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs participate in regulating plant responses to drought and salt stress, comprehensively illustrating the commonality and specificityof miRNA-mediated drought resistance and salt tolerance in plants. We also compile and discuss the miRNAs that could serve as potential targets for biological breeding. The aim is to provide a reference for in-depth research on plant miRNAs, as well as a theoretical basis and forward-looking perspectives for their practical application in the genetic improvement of drought resistance and salt tolerance in plants.

Key words: plants, microRNA, drought stress, salt stress

李皓栋, 孟佳欣, 王滑, 董宁光. miRNA参与调控植物应答干旱、盐胁迫的研究进展[J]. 遗传, 2026, 48(1): 61-75.

Haodong Li, Jiaxin Meng, Hua Wang, Ningguang Dong. Progress on miRNAs involved in regulating plant responses to drought and salt stresses[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2026, 48(1): 61-75.

图/表 2

图1

表1

miRNA在植物响应干旱、盐胁迫过程中的功能"

物种	miRNA	胁迫类型	生物学功能	参考文献
谷子(Setaria italica)	miR396	干旱	促进根系发育	[31]
马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)	miR394	干旱	促进根系发育	[32]
	miR169a	干旱	根系纵深扩展	[33]
	miR827	干旱	调节气孔密度	[43]
	miR398	干旱	调节SOD活性，促进ROS清除	[64]
	miR156	干旱	调节花青素合成，减轻氧化损伤	[70]
玉米(Zea mays)	miR394	干旱	促进侧根发育	[34]
	miR166	干旱	促进维管系统发育	[35]
	miR408	盐	调节木质素合成	[107]
菊花(Chrysanthemum morifolium)	miR396a	干旱	调节节间生长	[37]
大麦(Hordeum vulgare)	miR393	干旱	调节气孔密度和保卫细胞长度	[41]
大麦(Hordeum vulgare)	miR827	干旱	影响花期	[46]
杨树(Populus spp.)	miR159a	干旱	调节气孔开度	[42]
	miR6445	干旱	促进ROS清除	[66]
	miR319	盐	调节Na⁺和K⁺积累	[83]
	miR169	盐	调节ABA合成	[94]
	miR408	干旱	调控木质素合成	[106]
竹叶花椒(Zanthoxylum armatum)	miR156	干旱	影响种子萌发和幼苗生长	[45]
拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)	miR159	干旱	影响种子萌发	[47]
	miR160	干旱	介导生长素信号调控叶片发育	[52]
	miR167	干旱	调节生长素合成	[53]
	miR159	干旱	调节ABA合成	[47]
	miR165/166	干旱	调节ABA合成	[57]
	miR399	盐	调控磷酸盐转运	[81]
	miR393	盐	调节IAA合成	[91]
	miR390	盐	调节APX活性	[104]
苹果(Malus domestica)	miR156	干旱	调控生长素信号	[51]
	miR156	干旱	调节生长素合成	[54]
	miR164	干旱	调节POD活性，促进ROS清除	[63]
	miR156	干旱	调节类黄酮合成，减轻氧化损伤	[69]
	miR171	干旱	调控抗坏血酸合成，促进ROS清除	[74]
水稻(Oryza sativa)	miR2105	干旱	调控ABA合成	[58]
	miR166	干旱	调节茎木质部发育	[36]
	miR164	干旱	调节ABA合成	[59]
	miR171	干旱	调节类黄酮合成，减轻氧化损伤	[68]
	miR171	盐	调节脯氨酸含量	[85]
	miR820	盐	调节脯氨酸含量	[86]
	miR1848	盐	调节植物甾醇和BR合成	[98]
	miR168	盐	调节BR合成	[99]
	miR528	盐	调节抗坏血酸合成	[102]
	miR172	盐	调控ROS平衡	[103]
大豆(Glycine max)	miR398	干旱	调节POD活性，促进ROS清除	[65]
	miR4359	盐	调节抗氧化酶活性，减轻氧化损伤	[87]
	miR164	盐	调控ROS平衡	[101]
小麦(Triticum aestivum)	miR1119	干旱	调节抗氧化酶活性，促进ROS清除	[67]
紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)	miR156	干旱	促进花青素合成，减轻氧化损伤	[71]
葡萄(Vitis vinifera)	miR156	干旱	促进花青素合成，减轻氧化损伤	[72]
白桦(Betula platyphylla)	miR408	干旱	调节Na⁺积累	[82]
匍匐剪股颖(Agrostis stolonifera)	miR396	盐	调节Na⁺和H⁺转运	[84]
花生(Arachis hypogaea)	miR160	盐	介导生长素信号传导	[92]
柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)	miR167	盐	调节生长素合成	[93]
棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)	miR390	盐	调节ABA合成	[96]
柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum)	miR319	盐	调节乙烯合成	[97]
红豆(Abrus precatorius)	miR408	干旱	调节木质素合成	[105]
油菜(Brassica napus)	miR169n	干旱	调节根系生长	[113]
海竹(Yushania qiaojiaensis)	miR169b	盐、干旱	调节根系生长	[114]
旋花科植物(Jacquemontia pentantha)	miR396	干旱	‒	[115]
芍药(Paeonia lactiflora)	miR396	干旱	‒	[116]
蒺藜状苜蓿(Medicago truncatula)	miR156	盐	‒	[118]
鹰嘴豆(Cicer arietinum)	miR396	干旱	靶向87种代谢物	[117]
萱草(Hemerocallis fulva)	miR156	盐	调节根叶生长	[124]
向日葵(Helianthus annuus)	miR390	盐	调节IAA合成	[125]

表1

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miRNA参与调控植物应答干旱、盐胁迫的研究进展

Progress on miRNAs involved in regulating plant responses to drought and salt stresses

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