灯刷染色体是存在于除哺乳动物以外几乎所有动物雌配子减数分裂第一次分裂双线期的一种暂时性巨大转录体,因状如灯刷而得名,但在细胞遗传学三大经典染色体研究中关注度最低。它是研究减数分裂时期染色体的结构、组织形式、转录和转录过程的好材料。本文一方面对以上研究及形成机制作一简要综述,另一方面探讨灯刷染色体可能的作用,也即从已有文献表明卵细胞核的灯刷染色体或多倍化为相关生物胚胎发育提供足够的转录产物。最后探讨将其作为一个案例用于遗传学教学的可能性,以激发学生学习遗传学的兴趣。
Lampbrush chromosomes (LBCs) are transient giant transcripts that exist at the diplotene stage of the first meiotic division in female gametocytes of almost all animals except mammals. LBCs are named for their lampbrush-like structure, however, they received the lowest research attention in studies of three classical cytogenetic chromosomes. They have been excellent models for studying the structure, organization, transcription, and transcriptional processing of chromosomes during meiosis. Here we briefly summarized these studies and LBCs forming mechanism and also discussed their possible functions, such as providing enough transcriptional products for embryonic development by oocytes LBCs or polyploidy demonstrated by previous reports. Finally, we discussed the possibility of introducing this typical case into our genetics teaching to inspire students' interest in genetics.
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