七鳃鳗：生物进化和疾病研究的重要模式动物
收稿日期: 2020-02-20
修回日期: 2020-06-28
网络出版日期: 2020-08-17
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目编号(31772884);辽宁省海洋与渔业厅科研项目编号(201805);大连市科技创新基金项目编号(2018J12SN079);辽宁省科技项目资助编号(2019-MS-218)
Lamprey: an important animal model of evolution and disease research
Received date: 2020-02-20
Revised date: 2020-06-28
Online published: 2020-08-17
Supported by
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No(31772884);the Project of Department of Ocean and Fisheries of Liaoning Province No(201805);the Science and Technology Innovation Fund Research Project of Dalian City(2018J12SN079);and the Program of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province (No.2019-MS-218)(2019-MS-218)
七鳃鳗是现存的无颌类脊椎动物代表之一,距今已有5亿多年的历史,素有“活化石”之称。古老的七鳃鳗凭借独特的功能特征和进化地位吸引了众多学者的注意：在免疫系统方面,七鳃鳗具有不同于有颌类脊椎动物的适应性免疫系统和免疫分子;基于进化地位,七鳃鳗作为一种重要的发育进化模式动物可以解析脊椎动物进化保守性和衍生的特点,七鳃鳗大脑皮层为哺乳动物大脑皮层的进化提供蓝图; 在疾病研究中,七鳃鳗作为脊髓损伤功能再生和胆道闭锁病理模型取得了阶段性成果。本文结合国内外相关报道,详细介绍了七鳃鳗的免疫分子、发育进化以及生理结构的研究进展,以期为深入开展七鳃鳗在动物遗传发育和生物医学领域的研究产生积极地推动作用。
朱医高, 李军, 逄越, 李庆伟 . 七鳃鳗：生物进化和疾病研究的重要模式动物[J]. 遗传, 2020 , 42(9) : 847 -857 . DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.20-045
Lamprey is one representative of the extant jawless vertebrates, known as “living fossils”, with a history of more than 500 million years. The ancient lamprey has attracted the attention of many scholars due to its unique functional characteristics and evolutionary status. In terms of immune system, the lamprey has adaptive immune system and immune molecules different from those of jawed vertebrates. Based on the evolutionary status, lamprey is an important developmental and evolutionary animal model for analyses of evolutionary conservation and derivative characteristics of vertebrates. Lamprey pallium provides an evolutionary blueprint for mammalian cerebral cortex. In disease research, lamprey has provided various results as a pathological model of spinal cord injury and biliary atresia. In this review, the life cycle, immune molecules, developmental evolution and physiological structure of lamprey are presented in details in reference with relevant reports from China and abroad. We believe that in-depth studies of lamprey could promote an effective outcome(s) in the research on genetics of animal development and biomedicine.
Key words： lampreys; life cycle; immune molecules; evolution; disease models
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