转基因抗虫水稻对生物多样性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1005.2011.00414

遗传 ›› 2011, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 414-421.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2011.00414

转基因抗虫水稻对生物多样性的影响

张磊^{1, 2}, 朱祯^{1, 2}

1. 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所植物基因组学国家重点实验室, 北京 100101 2. 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所国家植物基因研究中心(北京), 北京 100101

收稿日期:2010-10-29 修回日期:2011-01-24 出版日期:2011-05-20 发布日期:2011-05-25
通讯作者: 朱祯 E-mail:zzhu@genetics.ac.cn
基金资助:
转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(编号: 2008ZX08001-001; 2008ZX08012-002)和国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973计划)(编号: 2007CB109201)资助

Effect of transgenic insect-resistant rice on biodiversity

ZHANG Lei^{1, 2}, ZHU Zhen^1,2

1. State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2. National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2010-10-29 Revised:2011-01-24 Online:2011-05-20 Published:2011-05-25
Contact: ZHU Zhen E-mail:zzhu@genetics.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水稻是我国最重要的粮食作物, 然而虫害造成的产量损失每年高达一千万吨以上。研究表明, 转基因抗虫水稻对二化螟、三化螟和稻纵卷叶螟等水稻主要鳞翅目害虫具有高抗性, 可以大幅度减少化学杀虫剂的使用。在不使用农药的情况下, 在抗虫转基因水稻田中的害虫密度大幅度减少的同时, 可以显著地增加中性昆虫及捕食性天敌数量和种类, 显示出稻田生态系统和生物多样性的向良性发展的趋势。转基因水稻花粉向非转基因水稻品种的基因飘流实验表明, 随着栽种距离的增大而显著减小, 到间隔6.2 m时基因飘流频率已低于0.01%。转基因抗虫水稻的应用, 对于保障我国粮食安全, 保持农业可持续发展, 保护生物多样性和生态环境尤其是在大幅度减少农药使用量方面具有重要意义。文章综述了转基因抗虫水稻研制进展及其对生物多样性的影响, 并对农作物害虫防治的未来研究方向和发展趋势进行展望, 以期为转基因抗虫水稻更好的应用提供借鉴。

关键词: 转基因作物, 抗虫水稻, 基因飘流, 生物多样性, 生态环境

Abstract: Rice is the most important food crops in maintaining food security in China. The loss of China's annual rice production caused by pests is over ten million tons. Present studies showed that the transgenic insect-resistant rice can substantially reduce the application amount of chemical pesticides. In the case of no pesticide use, the pest density in transgenic rice field is significantly lower than that in non-transgenic field, and the neutral insects and natural enemies of pests increased significantly, indicating that the ecological environment and biodiversity toward the positive direction. The gene flow frequency from transgenic rice is dramatically reduced with the distance increases, reaching less than 0.01% at the distance of 6.2 m. Application of transgenic insect-resistant rice in China has an important significance for ensuring food security, maintaining sustainable agricultural development, and protecting the ecological environment and biodiversity. This review summarized the research progress in transgenic insect-resistant rice and its effect on biodiversity. The research directions and development trends of crop pest controlling in future are discussed. These help to promote better use of transgenic insect-resistant rice.

Key words: transgenic crop, insect-resistant rice, gene flow, biodiversity, ecological environment

张磊，朱祯. 转基因抗虫水稻对生物多样性的影响[J]. 遗传, 2011, 33(5): 414-421.

ZHANG Lei, SHU Zhen. Effect of transgenic insect-resistant rice on biodiversity[J]. HEREDITAS, 2011, 33(5): 414-421.

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转基因抗虫水稻对生物多样性的影响

Effect of transgenic insect-resistant rice on biodiversity

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