摘要：
利用DNA序列进行系统发生分析是分子进化研究的必要手段。构建系统树的方法有距离法、简约法、最大似然法以及贝叶斯推断法等。要解决特定的系统发生问题，首先要挑选合理的分类群及序列，尽量减少数据的偏倚，然后选择构树方法，最后还要对结果进行评价并给出进化学上的解释。本文讨论了挑选数据的原则及存在的问题，介绍了几种构树方法的基本原理及步骤，并列举了它们的优缺点。Abstract: Construction of phylogenetic trees is a key means in molecular evolutionary studies. The methods of constructing phylogenetic trees include the distance-based methods, parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods. To resolve a special problem about phylogeny, several notices are necessary: first, to select the reasonable data at less bias as possible; second, to choose the proper method to reconstruct phylogenetic tree; third, to evaluate the conclusions and explain them on the field of evolution. The present paper provides a brief introduction of the principles of data selection and tree-construction methods, and discusses about their advantage and disadvantage points.