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短寿非洲鳉鱼:器官再生与衰老研究的优势模型——“新模式物种专刊”

李嬿瑶1, 2,王伟1, 3   

  1. 1. 北京生命科学研究所,北京 102206

    2. 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院基础学院,北京 100005

    3. 清华大学生物医学交叉研究院,北京100084
  • 出版日期:2026-05-22 发布日期:2026-05-22
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2023YFA1800600)和国家自然科学基金项目(编号:32270891)资助

The short-lived African killifish: an attractive model for organ regeneration and aging research

Yanyao Li1, 2, Wei Wang1, 3   

  1. 1. National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China

    2. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005, China

    3. Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
  • Published:2026-05-22 Online:2026-05-22
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2023YFA1800600) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32270891)

摘要: 短寿非洲鳉鱼(Nothobranchius furzeri)主要栖息于非洲东南部,是目前已知实验室可饲养的寿命最短的脊椎动物。该模型凭借极短的生命周期(平均4~6个月)、极快的生长与性成熟速度(30~45天)、胚胎自发滞育/休眠、高效的遗传操作以及较低的饲养维护成本等特点,在抗衰老、成年动物器官再生、胚胎滞育、神经退行性疾病等前沿生物医学领域展现出经典动物模型不具备的显著优势。本文系统综述了短寿非洲鳉鱼的生物学特性,总结了其作为新模式动物的独特优势及其在多学科领域中的应用进展,并对其未来研究方向进行了展望,以期为深入挖掘其作为新型模式生物的研究价值提供参考。

关键词: 短寿非洲鳉鱼, 器官再生, 衰老, 发育生物学

Abstract: The short-lived African killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri), mainly distributed in southeastern Africa, is currently the shortest-lived vertebrate that can be bred in the laboratory. With its extremely short life cycle (4~6 months), rapid growth and sexual maturation (30~45 days), spontaneous embryonic diapause, efficient genetic manipulation tools, and low husbandry costs, the short-lived African killifish provides a unique and powerful platform for investigating aging, organ regeneration, diapause, and neurodegeneration, outperforming traditional model systems in these cutting-edge areas. This review systematically summarizes the biological features of the short-lived African killifish, highlights its unique strengths as a new model organism, outlines recent advances in its multidisciplinary applications, and finally discusses future research directions, aiming to provide a reference for further exploration of its value as a novel model organism.

Key words: short-lived African killifish, organ regeneration, aging, development biology