江苏省水稻品质性状遗传和重要基因克隆研究进展

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.20-324

遗传 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 425-441.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.20-324

江苏省水稻品质性状遗传和重要基因克隆研究进展

张昌泉, 冯琳皓, 顾铭洪, 刘巧泉()

扬州大学农学院植物功能基因组学教育部重点实验室/江苏省作物基因组学和分子育种重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,扬州 225009

收稿日期:2020-11-28 修回日期:2021-01-29 出版日期:2021-05-20 发布日期:2021-01-29
通讯作者: 刘巧泉 E-mail:qqliu@yzu.edu.cn
作者简介:张昌泉,博士,副教授,研究方向：水稻品质遗传改良。E-mail: cqzhang@yzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金编号(31825019);国家自然科学基金编号(31872860);江苏省科技计划编号(BE2018357);江苏省科技计划编号(CX(20)3004)

Progress on inheritance and gene cloning for rice grain quality in Jiangsu province

Changquan Zhang, Linhao Feng, Minghong Gu, Qiaoquan Liu()

Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

Received:2020-11-28 Revised:2021-01-29 Online:2021-05-20 Published:2021-01-29
Contact: Liu Qiaoquan E-mail:qqliu@yzu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Nos(31825019);Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Nos(31872860);Programs from Jiangsu Government Nos(BE2018357);Programs from Jiangsu Government Nos(CX(20)3004)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是保障我国粮食安全和农业可持续发展的主粮作物,江苏是我国重要的水稻种植区。经过40多年的发展,江苏水稻产量和品质性状研究都取得了重要进展。稻米品质性状组成复杂,涉及生产、加工、销售和消费多方面。本文对江苏省水稻几个主要品质性状的遗传研究历程进行了概括,重点对水稻外观品质、蒸煮食味品质和营养品质的遗传调控研究进行了总结。文章介绍了稻米品质性状的经典遗传规律和分子遗传特点,综述了各个品质性状遗传调控相关的重要功能基因。相关研究成果凸显了江苏水稻品质遗传改良基础研究在国内外的重要地位。特别指出,随着水稻功能基因组学的发展和品质性状遗传调控网络的明晰,未来针对特定或复合品质性状的分子设计育种是江苏水稻品质遗传改良研究中要重点推进的方向。

关键词: 水稻品质性状, 遗传规律, 外观品质, 蒸煮食味品质, 营养品质

Abstract:

In China, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major cereal crop of great importance maintaining the food security and sustainable agricultural development. Jiangsu is one of the main provinces for rice production. After more than 40 years of development, the yield and quality of rice grain have made great progress. Rice grain quality is a complex trait involving production, processing, marketing and consumption of the grain. In this review, we summarize the progress on the genetic basis of main grain quality traits in the rice variety breeding in Jiangsu province and point out the achievement of each milestone. With a focus on the genetic regulation of grain appearance, eating and cooking quality and nutritional quality, we describe the classic genetic rules and molecular basis of rice grain quality traits and review the function of major genes that regulate corresponding traits. The genetics and improvement of grain quality achieved in Jiangsu province was highlighted on the domestic and international rice breeding programs. In particular, with the advance of breeding conception in terms of functional genomics and genetic regulatory networks, the specific molecular design for grain quality improvement will be the future direction of rice genetic breeding program of Jiangsu Province.

Key words: rice grain quality traits, inheritance, appearance quality, eating and cooking quality, nutritional quality

张昌泉, 冯琳皓, 顾铭洪, 刘巧泉. 江苏省水稻品质性状遗传和重要基因克隆研究进展[J]. 遗传, 2021, 43(5): 425-441.

Changquan Zhang, Linhao Feng, Minghong Gu, Qiaoquan Liu. Progress on inheritance and gene cloning for rice grain quality in Jiangsu province[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2021, 43(5): 425-441.

图/表 2

图1

表1

已克隆的稻米品质性状重要基因及其应用研究"

品质性状	基因/等位基因/转基因	功能	参考文献
蒸煮食味	Badh2	突变产生香味	[14]
	反义Wx	低AC或糯稻	[16,47,48]
	SBEI-SBEIIb-RNAi	高AC且高抗性淀粉	[51~53]
	SSI-RNAi	改变理化品质	[54]
	SSII-2-RNAi	低AC且籽粒透明	[55]
	ALK-RNAi	低GT	[56]
	ALK^b	低GT等位基因	[58]
	qSAC3	微上调AC	[57]
	ALK^c	高GT	[59]
	ALK^d	高GT	[60]
	OsAGPL2	淀粉积累	[61]
	Wx^op	低AC软米	[15]
	Wx^lv	高AC且低淀粉黏滞性	[62]
	Wx^mw	中低AC	[63]
	Wx^ln	中等AC	[64]
	Wx-Promoter 编辑	中低AC	[65,66]
	FLO6	调控淀粉合成	[67]
	FLO7	调控胚乳外周淀粉合成	[68]
	PFPβ	调控胚乳淀粉合成	[69]
	OsBT1	调控胚乳淀粉代谢	[70]
	OsPKpα1	调控胚乳淀粉合成	[71]
	OsNDUFA9	调控胚乳淀粉代谢	[72]
	FLO11	调控胚乳淀粉代谢	[73]
	FSE1	调控胚乳脂和淀粉代谢	[74]
	FLO16	调控胚乳淀粉代谢	[28]
	OsNAC20和OsNAC26	调控胚乳淀粉和蛋白代谢	[75]
	OsMADS87	调控胚乳早期发育	[76]
	NF-Ys	调控胚乳发育	[77]
	OsbZIP76	调控胚乳发育和淀粉代谢	[78]
外观品质	Wx	低AC造成暗胚乳	[50,79]
	SSII-2	AC和籽粒透明度	[55]
	GW5	调控粒宽	[80~82]
	qPE9-1	调控穗形和粒长	[83]
	qGL3/OsPPKL1	调控粒长	[84,85]
	SLG7	调控粒长	[86]
	SLG	调控株形和粒形	[87]
	OsSPMS1	调控粒长	[88]
	GS9	调控粒长	[89]
	OsbHLH107	调控粒长	[90]
外观品质	RGG2	调控粒长	[91]
	OsGASR9	调控株形和粒形	[92]
	OsVIN2	调控粒形和产量	[93]
	OsWRKY36	调控株形和粒形	[94]
	OsFIE1	调控胚乳细胞化和粒形	[95]
	OsFIE2	调控胚乳细胞化和粒形	[95]
营养品质	GluB5	低谷蛋白	[98]
	OsGluA2	品种间谷蛋白含量变异	[99]
	PDIL1-1	谷蛋白内质网修饰	[100]
	GPA4/GOT1B	谷蛋白内质网输出	[101]
	GPA6/OsNHX5	谷蛋白前体发生和运输	[102]
	GPA1/OsRab5a	谷蛋白囊泡运输	[103]
	OsVPS9A	谷蛋白囊泡运输	[104]
	GLUTELIN PRECURSOR ACCUMULATION3	谷蛋白后高尔基体分选	[105]
	GPA5	谷蛋白囊泡运输	[106]
	LKR和SDHAK	赖氨酸合成限速酶基因	[108,109]
	LRP	过表达提高赖氨酸含量	[110]
	RLRH1和RLRH2	过表达提高赖氨酸含量	[111~113]
	AK2和DHDPS1	定点修饰后提高赖氨酸含量	[115]

表1

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江苏省水稻品质性状遗传和重要基因克隆研究进展

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