遗传 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 36-45.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.21-232
张祉靖(
), 乔钰, 孙宇晨, 雷蕾()
收稿日期:2021-06-30
修回日期:2021-08-23
出版日期:2022-01-20
发布日期:2021-10-26
通讯作者:
雷蕾
E-mail:cdzzj1998@163.com;lei086@ems.hrbmu.edu.cn
作者简介:张祉靖,在读硕士研究生,专业方向：人体解剖学与组织胚胎学。E-mail: 基金资助:
Zhijing Zhang(), Yu Qiao, Yuchen Sun, Lei Lei()
Received:2021-06-30
Revised:2021-08-23
Online:2022-01-20
Published:2021-10-26
Contact:
Lei Lei
E-mail:cdzzj1998@163.com;lei086@ems.hrbmu.edu.cn
Supported by:摘要：
溴结构域和超末端结构域(bromodomain and extra-terminal, BET)蛋白家族作为表观“阅读器”,在哺乳动物发育过程中起着至关重要的作用。其家族内的各成员通过识别各种表观修饰并募集相应的功能复合物,对相关基因进行精密调控,促使早期胚胎向特定方向分化和发育。另外,随着诱导性多潜能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cell, iPSC)重编程技术发展,越来越多的研究发现BET蛋白家族在体细胞重编程中可能也占据着核心地位。本文总结了BET蛋白家族在哺乳动物发育和iPSC重编程中的作用,并对BET家族调控重编程的新机制进行了展望。
张祉靖, 乔钰, 孙宇晨, 雷蕾. 表观“阅读器”BET蛋白家族对哺乳动物发育和iPSC重编程的调控[J]. 遗传, 2022, 44(1): 36-45.
Zhijing Zhang, Yu Qiao, Yuchen Sun, Lei Lei. Epigenetic “reader” BET proteins regulate mammalian development and iPSC reprogramming[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2022, 44(1): 36-45.
图1
BET蛋白家族4个主要成员的分子结构 数字代表每个已知结构域的氨基酸位点。BD1、BD2为两个溴结构域,ET为超末端家族,CTD代表BRD4和BRDT末端的羧基区域。"
图2
BET蛋白推进转录模式图 A：BRD4和BRDT推进转录模式图。当Pol II在TSS附近暂停后,BRD4和BRDT依靠分子末端的羧基结构域(CTD)募集并结合正性转录延长因子b (P-TEFb),促进Pol II中第二位丝氨酸(Ser2)磷酸化。与此同时,BRD4还可以与超级增强子(super enhancer, SEs)结合,并募集转录中介体(mediator, MED)和P-TEFb的催化亚基CDK9。BRD4和BRDT通过以上方式推动Pol II释放,并使转录进入延长阶段;B：BRD2和BRD3推进转录模式图。BRD2和BRD3作为Pol II伴侣,识别基因组上乙酰化的组蛋白并帮助Pol II结合到基因组上促进转录。"
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