光控诱导重组系统的开发与应用

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.22-158

遗传 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8): 655-671.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.22-158

光控诱导重组系统的开发与应用

谢甜(), 王梅, 高瑞钰, 苗艳尼, 张燚铭, 蒋婧()

中国科学院分子细胞科学卓越创新中心(生物化学与细胞生物学研究所),基因组标签计划研发中心,上海 200031

收稿日期:2022-05-15 修回日期:2022-06-28 出版日期:2022-08-20 发布日期:2022-07-12
通讯作者: 蒋婧 E-mail:tian.xie@sibcb.ac.cn;jiangjing@sibcb.ac.cn
作者简介:谢甜,硕士,工程师,研究方向：基因组标签计划与基因编辑。E-mail: tian.xie@sibcb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划专项编号(2020YFA0509001);,国家自然科学基金项目(31801057);上海市科学技术委员会科技计划项目编号(21140905100);上海市科学技术委员会科技计划项目编号(22140903500)

Development and application of light-controlled inducible recombination systems

Tian Xie(), Mei Wang, Ruiyu Gao, Yanni Miao, Yiming Zhang, Jing Jiang()

Genome Tagging Project Center, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China

Received:2022-05-15 Revised:2022-06-28 Online:2022-08-20 Published:2022-07-12
Contact: Jiang Jing E-mail:tian.xie@sibcb.ac.cn;jiangjing@sibcb.ac.cn
Supported by:
the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0509001);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801057);Shanghai Municipal Commission for Science and Technology Grants(21140905100);Shanghai Municipal Commission for Science and Technology Grants(22140903500)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

位点特异性重组系统由重组酶和特异性识别位点两部分组成,是一种强大的基因操作工具,被广泛运用于生命科学研究。已开发的诱导型重组系统以时空方式精准调控细胞和动物的基因表达,被用于基因功能研究、细胞谱系示踪和疾病治疗等领域。根据诱导重组酶时空表达方式的不同,诱导型重组系统可分为化学诱导和光控诱导两种方式。光控诱导重组系统是利用光作为诱导剂,根据光控方式和对象的不同,可进一步分为光笼和光遗传学两类。光笼诱导重组系统是利用光敏基团来控制化学诱导剂或重组酶,光诱导前它们的活性被光敏基团抑制;在特定光照射后,它们的活性被恢复,进而实现光控诱导基因重组。光遗传学诱导重组系统是通过光遗传学开关介导分割型重组酶的重新激活来诱导基因重组。其中光遗传学开关由一系列基因编码的光敏蛋白组成,包括隐花色素、VIVID蛋白、光敏色素等。这些类型丰富的光控诱导重组系统为从高时空分辨率的维度解析基因的表达和功能提供了更多的工具,以满足日益复杂的生命科学研究需求。本文主要对不同类型光控诱导重组系统的开发原理及应用进行综述,比较其优缺点,最后对未来开发更多光控重组系统进行展望, 旨在为系统优化升级提供理论基础和指导。

关键词: 光控诱导重组系统, 光笼, 光遗传学开关, 位点特异性重组酶, 时空调控

Abstract:

The site-specific recombination systems are composed of recombinases and specific recognition sites, which are powerful tools for gene manipulation and have been extensively used in life sciences research. Inducible recombination systems have been developed to precisely regulate gene expression in a spatiotemporal manner in cells and animals for applications such as gene function research, cell lineage tracing and disease treatment. Based on different spatiotemporal expression methods of recombinases, inducible recombination systems can be divided into two categories: chemical- controlled and light-controlled inductions. Light-controlled inducible recombination systems that utilize light as inducer consist of photocage and optogenetics in accordance with optical control patterns and objects. Photocaged inducible recombination systems are using photosensitive groups to control chemical inducers or recombinases. Their activities are inhibited by photosensitive groups before light induction and recovered after specific light irradiation, leading to light-controlled inducible gene recombination. While optogenetic inducible recombination systems rely on reactivations of split recombinases that mediated by optogenetic switches. Optogenetic switches are composed of a series of gene-encoded photosensitive proteins, including cryptochromes, VIVID, phytochromes, etc. These types of light-controlled inducible recombination systems provide more possibilities for analyzing gene expression and function from the dimension of high spatiotemporal resolution to meet the increasingly complex demands of life science research. In this review, we summarize the developing principles and applications of different types of light-controlled inducible recombination systems, compare their advantages and disadvantages, and prospect the development of more light-controlled recombination systems in the future, with the aims to provide theoretical basis and guidance for system optimization and upgrade.

Key words: light-controlled inducible recombination system, photocage, optogenetic switch, site-specific recombinase, spatiotemporal control

谢甜, 王梅, 高瑞钰, 苗艳尼, 张燚铭, 蒋婧. 光控诱导重组系统的开发与应用[J]. 遗传, 2022, 44(8): 655-671.

Tian Xie, Mei Wang, Ruiyu Gao, Yanni Miao, Yiming Zhang, Jing Jiang. Development and application of light-controlled inducible recombination systems[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2022, 44(8): 655-671.

图/表 6

图1

表1

表2

光遗传学诱导重组系统的比较"

光遗传学诱导重组系统	诱导光类型	光遗传学元件	重组酶模块	优点	缺点	参考文献
PA-Cre 1.0	蓝光 450 nm	CRY2 (aa:1~612)	CreN (aa:19~104)	亚秒时间和亚细胞空间分辨率,可逆性	组织穿透力不足,背景泄露高	[49]
PA-Cre 1.0	蓝光 450 nm	CIBN (aa:1~170)	CreC (aa:106~343)	亚秒时间和亚细胞空间分辨率,可逆性	组织穿透力不足,背景泄露高	[49]
PA-Cre 1.5	蓝光 461 nm	CRY2(L348F)	CreN (aa:19~104)	背景泄露较低,可逆性	组织穿透力不足	[71]
PA-Cre 1.5	蓝光 461 nm	CIBN (aa:1~170)	CreC (aa:106~343)	背景泄露较低,可逆性	组织穿透力不足	[71]
改良型 PA-Cre 2.0	蓝光 461 nm	ER-CRY2(L348F)	CreN (aa:19~104)	背景泄露较低,光敏感,诱导活性高,可逆性	需调控细胞核内与核外蛋白表达浓度,以获得低背景泄露	[71,72]
改良型 PA-Cre 2.0	蓝光 461 nm	NLS-CIB1 (aa:1~335)	CreC (aa:106~343)	背景泄露较低,光敏感,诱导活性高,可逆性	需调控细胞核内与核外蛋白表达浓度,以获得低背景泄露	[71,72]
Li-rtTA	蓝光 470 nm	CIBN-rTetR-CIBN	TRE-Cre	蓝光和强力霉素双重诱导,可逆性,时空特异性	小鼠繁殖复杂,耗时	[50]
Li-rtTA	蓝光 470 nm	CRY2_PHR-VP16	TRE-Cre	蓝光和强力霉素双重诱导,可逆性,时空特异性	小鼠繁殖复杂,耗时	[50]
Magnets- PA-Cre	蓝光 470±20 nm	nMag	CreN (aa:19~59)	可逆性,重构的Cre可识别其他变体位点	背景泄露高,解聚慢	[73]
Magnets- PA-Cre	蓝光 470±20 nm	pMag	CreC (aa:60~343)	可逆性,重构的Cre可识别其他变体位点	背景泄露高,解聚慢	[73]
Magnets- PA-Cre 3.0	蓝光 470±20 nm	nMag	CreN (aa:19~59)	暗泄漏低,重组效率高,可逆性	组织穿透力不足	[74]
Magnets- PA-Cre 3.0	蓝光 470±20 nm	pMag	CreC (aa:60~343)	暗泄漏低,重组效率高,可逆性	组织穿透力不足	[74]
TamPA- Cre	蓝光 472±29 nm	nMag	ER-CreN (aa:2~59)	蓝光和他莫昔芬双重诱导,光敏感,暗泄漏低,重组效率高,可逆性	他莫昔芬诱导后的核易位需要时间	[75]
TamPA- Cre	蓝光 472±29 nm	NLS-pMag	CreC (aa:60~343)	蓝光和他莫昔芬双重诱导,光敏感,暗泄漏低,重组效率高,可逆性	他莫昔芬诱导后的核易位需要时间	[75]
TRE-PA- Cre	蓝光 470±20 nm	nMag	TRE-CreN (aa:19~59)	蓝光和强力霉素双重诱导,可逆性	组织穿透力不足,重组效果待深入探究	[76]
TRE-PA- Cre	蓝光 470±20 nm	pMag	CreC (aa:60~343)	蓝光和强力霉素双重诱导,可逆性	组织穿透力不足,重组效果待深入探究	[76]
CreLite	红光/远红光 640/750 nm	PhyB (aa:1~161)	CreC (aa:60~343)	光敏感,光毒性低,组织穿透力强,可逆性	需要外源引入藻蓝胆素,重组效果待深入探究	[77]
CreLite	红光/远红光 640/750 nm	PIF6 (aa:1~100)	CreN (aa:19~59)	光敏感,光毒性低,组织穿透力强,可逆性	需要外源引入藻蓝胆素,重组效果待深入探究	[77]
FISC	远红光 730 nm	BphS	DocS-CreC (aa:60~343)	无需辅助因子,组织穿透力强,光毒性低,重组效率高,背景泄露低	系统复杂,需要开发模块小装载能力大的载体,以确保体内有效递送	[78]
FISC	远红光 730 nm	BphS	Coh2-CreN (aa:1~59)	无需辅助因子,组织穿透力强,光毒性低,重组效率高,背景泄露低	系统复杂,需要开发模块小装载能力大的载体,以确保体内有效递送	[78]
PA-Flp	蓝光 470 nm	nMagH	FlpN27	光敏感,背景泄露低,可与Cre重组酶交叉使用标记细胞亚群	组织穿透力不足	[79]
PA-Flp	蓝光 470 nm	pMagH	FlpC28	光敏感,背景泄露低,可与Cre重组酶交叉使用标记细胞亚群	组织穿透力不足	[79]
PA-Dre	蓝光 470 nm	nMag	DreN246	光敏感,背景泄露低,重构的Dre可识别rox及其变体,可与Cre重组酶交叉使用标记特定细胞	组织穿透力不足	[80]
PA-Dre	蓝光 470 nm	pMag	DreC247	光敏感,背景泄露低,重构的Dre可识别rox及其变体,可与Cre重组酶交叉使用标记特定细胞	组织穿透力不足	[80]

表2

图2

图3

图4

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光笼修饰底物	光敏基团	诱导光类型	优点	缺点	参考文献
4-羟基他莫昔芬氮丙啶	4,5-二甲氧基-2-硝基苯甲醇	紫外光 365 nm	可时空调控	存在背景泄露,重组效率较低,缺乏在体实验	[30]
4-羟基环芬	4,5-二甲氧基-2-硝基苯甲醇	紫外光 365 nm	光笼易合成、易溶于水、产量高,系统具有高时空分辨率	紫外光组织穿透能力较差	[35,36]
他莫昔芬	邻硝基苄基	紫外光 365 nm	光笼易合成、易溶于水,短时间紫外暴露即可释放他莫昔芬	应用仅限于部分细胞,存在背景泄露,重组效率较低,缺乏在体实验	[37]
4-羟基他莫昔芬	邻硝基苄基	紫外光 365 nm	光笼活性高,系统敏感、具有高时空分辨率	存在背景泄露,缺乏在体实验	[38]
雷帕霉素	N,N′-二琥珀酰亚胺基碳酸酯	紫外光 365 nm	对光敏感,设置简易,精准时空调控	雷帕霉素对生物体内蛋白活性有影响,缺乏在体实验	[39]
4-羟基环芬	花菁	近红外光 690 nm	光毒性低,组织穿透性强,可以特异性传递小分子化合物	缺乏在体实验	[40]
Cre重组酶	邻硝基苄基	紫外光 365 nm	由基因编码,无需额外小分子化合物诱导,严格响应光调控	光笼重组酶蛋白获取困难,缺乏在体实验	[41,42]

光控诱导重组系统的开发与应用

Development and application of light-controlled inducible recombination systems

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