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基于荧光蛋白的生物探针设计策略及其应用

张宁1, 2,田烨1, 2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京 100101

    2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100093

  • 收稿日期:2025-01-20 修回日期:2025-05-08 出版日期:2025-05-09 发布日期:2025-05-09
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目

Design strategies and applications of fluorescent protein-based probes

Ning Zhang1, 2, Ye Tian1, 2   

  1. 1. Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China


  • Received:2025-01-20 Revised:2025-05-08 Published:2025-05-09 Online:2025-05-09

摘要: 荧光蛋白的发现为细胞生物学研究带来了革命性进展。通过将荧光蛋白与目标蛋白融合,构建荧光生物探针,可以在活细胞和生物体内实时监测细胞事件的动态变化。荧光蛋白的独特理化特性,如光谱范围、发色团成熟速度、pH敏感性和稳定性等,为探针的设计提供了多样化的选择。基于这些特性,研究者开发了用于监测不同分子事件的多种荧光生物探针。本文系统总结了基于荧光蛋白理化性质设计探针的主要策略及其在生物学研究中的典型应用,为开发更高效、更专用的新型荧光生物探针以应对复杂生物学问题提供了重要参考。

关键词: 荧光蛋白, 荧光生物探针, 荧光时钟, 循环置换荧光蛋白, 双分子荧光互补, 二聚化依赖荧光蛋白, 荧光共振能量转移, 光激活, 光转换, 光开关

Abstract: The discovery of fluorescent proteins has revolutionized cell biology research. By fusing fluorescent proteins with target proteins, fluorescent biosensors can be constructed to enable real-time monitoring of dynamic cellular events in live cells and organisms. The unique physicochemical properties of fluorescent proteins, such as spectral range, chromophore maturation speed, pH sensitivity, and stability, offer diverse options for probe design. Researchers have developed various fluorescent biosensors based on these properties to monitor distinct molecular events. This review systematically summarizes the main strategies for designing probes based on the physicochemical properties of fluorescent proteins and highlights their typical applications in biological research. It provides a valuable reference for developing more efficient and specialized fluorescent probes to address complex biological questions.

Key words: fluorescent protein, fluorescent biosensor, fluorescent timer, circularly permuted fluorescent protein, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, dimerization-dependent fluorescent protein, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, photoactivation, photoconversion, photoswitch