摘要： 研究人类短串联重复序列vWA在河南汉族人群中遗传多态性，探讨该基因座在法医学和基因诊断中的应用的可能性；同时和中国成都人群、美国黑人、高加索人群、西班牙人群、西班牙南方人群的vWA遗传多态性进行比较，以期了解该基因座在人种、地域上是否有差异。采集河南地区无血缘关系汉族个体血样，应用Chelex法提取DNA，聚合酶链式反应扩增，非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分型，χ2检验。得到vWA在河南汉族群体中的基因频率，有8个等位基因，24个基因型，杂合度为0.80，个体识别率为0.84，非父排除率为0.61；河南汉族人群和中国成都人群vWA遗传多态性无显著性差异（χ2=9.6, P＞0.05）,而与美国黑人群（χ2=118,48，P＜0.05）、高加索人群（χ2=45.48,P＜0.05）、西班牙人群（χ2=86.87,P＜0.05）、西班牙南方人群（χ2=85.68,P＜0.05）均有显著性差异。说明该基因座多态性较好，分布符合Hardy-Weinberg 平衡，可以用于个体识别和亲权鉴定。同时也说明河南汉族人群具有一定的代表性，其群体遗传特征的调查研究对群体遗传学和人类学有着重要意义。

Genetic Polymorphisms of Human Short Tandem Repeat vWA
LI Yi,HAO Bing-tao,YANG Yan-li,ZHU Wen-yu,SI Yan-mei,WANG Ying-tai
(Genetics Department,the People`s Hospital of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450003,China)
Abstract:We researched the genetic polymorphisms of vWA in Henan population and its usfulness in forensic science.DNA extracted from non-relative persons in Henan population with Chelex was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and was typed by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis silver staining.A total of 8 alleles and 19 genotypes were found in Henan population,its heterozygosity is high and the locus can be used in forensic genetics.We obtained the allelic frequency of the locus vWA in Henan population.The results of amniotic fluid,villus,blood stain indicate vWA is a good locus for forensic study.
Key words：polymorphism; short tandem repeats; polymerase chain reaction; vWA

关键词: 遗传多态性, vWA, 短串联重复序列, 聚合酶链氏反应