摘要：


将中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)注射1.5g/L的马拉硫磷，24h后死亡率为56%。用等位酶电泳确定死亡与存活个体在多态性基因座Pgm和Me上的基因型，并比较各基因型的死亡率差异。结果表明：在Pgm基因座上，马拉硫磷对具有不同基因型的中华稻蝗个体存在选择性致死作用，但是在Me基因座上未观察到类似选择性致死作用。在基因座Pgm上，Pgm-ab 基因型个体死亡率最高（80%），Pgm-bb和Pgm-bc基因型个体死亡率最低（49%），低于平均死亡率。卡方检验表明，基因型Pgm-bb和Pgm-cc的死亡率之间存在显著差异。在存活个体中，等位基因Pgm-b的频率显著增加。基于Roger’s遗传距离的聚类分析表明，马拉硫磷的急性致死作用会导致中华稻蝗种群遗传组成的变化。马拉硫磷是蝗虫防治中常用的杀虫剂，研究显示，不同基因型在死亡率上的差异也可能存在于田间。



Abstract: Allozyme electrophoresis was employed to compare the difference in mortality among the genotypes at two polymorphic loci of Pgm and Me of grasshopper Oxya chinensis individuals acutely exposed to 1.5g/L malathion which resulted in 56% mortality in 24 hours. The selective lethal effects were observed among the genotypes at Pgm locus but not at Me locus. It is noted that the genotype Pgm-ab experienced the highest mortality (80%), whereas Pgm-bb and Pgm-bc were 49%, lower than the
average. The χ2 tests showed significant difference in morality between Pgm-bb and Pgm-cc. After exposure the allele frequency of Pgm-b showed a notable increase among surviving individuals. The cluster analysis based on Roger’s genetic distance indicated that the acute exposure to malathion can cause differentiation in genetic composition at population level in Oxya chinensis. Because malathion is commonly used as the insecticide for grasshopper control, the data obtained in this study suggest that the similar genotype-mortality effects may occur in crop fields.