摘要：

为分析贵州从江侗族父系及母系遗传结构，探讨其起源及迁徒, 通过聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP), 研究贵州从江侗族无亲缘关系个体由10个单核苷酸位点(SNPs)组成的Y染色体单倍型及11个单核苷酸位点组成的线粒体DNA单倍群频率。结果显示, 从40份男性样本的Y-SNP基因分型中，得到H6 、H11、H14 共3种单倍型；H11的频率为92.5%；通过对线粒体DNA基因分型，得到6种单倍群，有75%的个体能明确分类其所携带的单倍群特征，说明贵州从江侗族父系遗传构成相对简单。通过主成分分析，证明贵州从江侗族与其他的壮侗语族人群相聚，母系遗传结构复杂，无C单倍群分布可能为该民族特征之一。Abstract: To study the patrilineal and matrilineal genetic structure and the origin of Dong Ethnic of Congjiang Guizhou. Study the distribution of Y-chromosome haplotypes which consisted of 10 SNPs of Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups consisted of 11 SNPs by using PCR-RFLP method. The result is three haplotypes H6,H11,H14 were detected, the frequency of H11 is 92.5%. Six haplogroups were identified by mtDNA analysis, 75% of the people can be identified. The patrilineal genetic structure of Dong of Guizhou is simple, Principle component indicated that the structure is closer to Zhuang-Dong branch of Sino-Tibetan language family. The matrilineal genetic structure of Dong of Guizhou is complicated.