摘要： 为进一步阐明P53基因突变和染色体17p杂合性丢失(LOH)的关系及两者与脑胶质瘤发生发展的相关性。应用PCR－SSCP、DNA序列测定及RFLP分析方法对55例脑胶质瘤中的P53基因突变及染色体17p的杂合性丢失进行了检测。发现P53基因在高级别星型细胞肿瘤(III－IV级)、低级别星型细胞肿瘤(I－II级)和非星型细胞肿瘤中的突变频率分别为：53％(9/17)、7％(1/15)和9％(2/23)。而55例肿瘤组织对应的淋巴细胞中未见P53突变。22％的胶质瘤丢失1个17p等位基因，这部分肿瘤中P53基因的突变频率为50％(6/12),而在43例持有2个17p等位基因的肿瘤中，P53基因的突变频率降为14％，两组相比差异显著(P<0?025)。结果提示P53基因突变是星型细胞肿瘤演变过程中的一个常见遗传事件，可能标志着肿瘤的恶性进展；散发性脑胶质瘤中的P53突变是体细胞型的突变；另外，丢失1个17p等位基因的肿瘤中有50％缺少P53基因突变，提示染色体17p上可能存在另一个参与了部分肿瘤恶性演变的肿瘤抑制基因。
Abstract：To further illustrate the roles of P53 gene and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 17p in the development of malignant gliomas,mutations in the P53 gene were analyzed in 55 gliomas of various malignant grades and histological types by the polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique and were confirmed by sequencing.Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for chromosome 17p was also assessed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis in same tumors.The mutations did not follow a random distribution among various different subtypes,but occurred in 9 of 17 high-grade astrocytomas (53％),in 1 of 15 low-grade astrocytomas (7％) and in 2of 23 (9％) non-astrocytic tumors.Most of the mutations were missense ones and 42％ (5/12) occurred at the sites of CpG dinucleotide.P53 mutations were not detected in any of the 55 leukocyte DNA samples from patients with brain tumors.These studies demonstrated that P53 inactivation is a common genetic event in astrocytoma progression that may signal the transition from benign to malignant tumor stages.P53 gene mutations in sporadic human brain tumors are somatic in origin (i.e.,nonprenatally determined).The majority of glomas (43/55) analyzed here retained both 17p alleles.The frequency of P53 mutations was 14％ in this group of tumors and increased to 50％ (6/12) in tumors with one 17p allele (P<0.025).Allelic loss for chromosome 17p occurred in 6 of 12 gliomas independently of mutations in the P53 gene.Absence of P53 mutations in 50％ of the tumors with one allele suggests that a tumor suppressor gene other than P53 may be located on chromosome 17p and involved in progression to malignancy of some gliomas.