遗传 ›› 2019, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 137-145.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.18-193

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

颗粒细胞EGF类因子信号通路在调控卵母细胞成熟和发育中的作用

杨鑫宇,贾振伟()   

  1. 内蒙古民族大学动物科学技术学院,通辽 028043
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-07 修回日期:2019-01-10 出版日期:2019-02-20 发布日期:2019-01-21
  • 作者简介:杨鑫宇,在读硕士,专业方向：配子与胚胎生物技术。E-mail: 2609447363@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31760670)

The role of EGF-like factor signaling pathway in granulosa cells in regulation of oocyte maturation and development

Xinyu Yang,Zhenwei Jia()   

  1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028043, China
  • Received:2018-10-07 Revised:2019-01-10 Online:2019-02-20 Published:2019-01-21
  • Supported by:
    [Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China](31760670)

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摘要：

动物体内卵泡排卵前促黄体素(luteinizing hormone, LH)诱导了卵丘颗粒细胞扩散,并启动卵母细胞恢复减数分裂。普遍认为,卵泡壁层颗粒细胞表达LH受体,卵母细胞及其周围卵丘细胞不表达LH受体,LH通过作用于卵泡壁层颗粒细胞产生信号分子,这些信号分子作用于卵丘颗粒细胞介导了LH生物作用。然而,一直以来,关于排卵前介导LH作用而诱导卵母细胞成熟的机制一直存在争议。目前研究认为,LH作用于卵泡壁层颗粒细胞后产生了EGF类因子,并与颗粒细胞的受体结合,促进了卵母细胞的成熟和发育。由于体外成熟的卵丘卵母细胞复合体来源于生长卵泡,其卵丘颗粒细胞EGF类因子信号系统不完善,目前的体外成熟培养体系难以模拟卵泡内的生理环境,导致卵母细胞体外发育能力较差,限制了这些卵母细胞的利用效率。本文综述了颗粒细胞EGF类因子信号系统、EGF类因子在调控卵母细胞成熟中的作用及对卵母细胞发育能力的影响,为优化卵母细胞体外成熟培养体系,完善卵丘颗粒细胞的EGF类因子的信号系统,进而提高卵母细胞体外成熟效率提供理论依据。

关键词: 颗粒细胞, EGF类因子, 卵母细胞成熟, 卵母细胞发育能力

Abstract:

The surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) in preovulatory ovarian follicles triggers the resumption of meiosis in oocytes and induces the proliferation of surrounding cumulus granulosa cells. It is believed that LH receptors are expressed in the mural granulosa cells, but not the oocytes and the surrounding cumulus cells, suggesting that the LH signaling is mediated by factors produced by the granulosa cells. However, the mechanism underlying oocyte maturation induced by LH before ovulation has been controversial. Current studies suggest that LH binds on to its receptor on granulosa cells of the follicular wall to promote the production of EGF-like factors, which activate various signaling cascades and induce oocyte maturation and development. Since the in vitro maturation system is difficult to simulate the in vivo physiological environment, in vitro cultured follicles are likely to be de?cient in the EGF-like factors, which could result in the poor developmental competency of in vitro cultured oocytes and restrict their efficient utilization. In this review, we summarize the EGF-like factor signaling system in granulosa cells and its regulation of oocyte maturation and development. It aims to optimize the in vitro maturation culture system of oocytes and increase the EGF-like factor signaling system in cumulus granulosa cells, thereby providing a framework for improving the efficiency on in vitro maturation of oocytes.

Key words: granulosa cells, EGF-like factor, oocyte maturation, oocyte developmental competency