岛屿生物多样性的形成、维持与丧失

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.24-223

遗传 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 101-132.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-223

岛屿生物多样性的形成、维持与丧失

刘聪¹(), 骆杨青², 闫昱晶³, 杨阳河山⁴, 曾頔⁵, 赵郁豪⁴, 斯幸峰⁴()

1.美国哈佛大学比较动物学博物馆，剑桥 02138
2.复旦大学生命科学学院，生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室，上海 200438
3.美国哈佛大学有机体与进化生物学系，哈佛大学标本馆，剑桥 02138
4.华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院，浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，浙江舟山岛屿生态系统野外科学观测研究站，崇明生态研究院，全球变化与生态预测研究中心，上海 200241
5.浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院，杭州 311300

收稿日期:2024-08-05 修回日期:2024-09-20 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2024-11-18
通讯作者: 斯幸峰，博士，教授，研究方向：动物生态学、岛屿生物地理学。E-mail: sixf@des.ecnu.edu.cn
作者简介:刘聪，博士，博士后，研究方向：岛屿生物地理学。E-mail: congliu@g.harvard.edu
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32311520284);国家自然科学基金项目(32101268);国家自然科学基金项目(32101278)

The formation, maintenance, and loss of island biodiversity

Cong Liu¹(), Yangqing Luo², Yujing Yan³, Yangheshan Yang⁴, Di Zeng⁵, Yuhao Zhao⁴, Xingfeng Si⁴()

1. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
2. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
3. Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard Arboretum, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
4. Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
5. College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China

Received:2024-08-05 Revised:2024-09-20 Published:2025-01-20 Online:2024-11-18
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32311520284);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101268);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101278)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

岛屿因数量众多、自然隔离、形成历史多样等独特的地理特征，成为生态学和进化生物学研究的天然实验室。相较于大陆，岛屿生物具有很高的特有性和失调性，这为探究岛屿生物多样性的形成提供了良好的机遇。本文围绕岛屿生态系统，从岛屿生物多样性的形成、维持和丧失3个部分阐述近些年国内外的岛屿生物地理学研究进展。对于岛屿生物多样性的形成机制，本文以全球几个代表性的岛屿系统为例，从物种的扩散迁入、种群建立和选择、物种进化和适应性辐射等过程介绍岛屿生物多样性的形成机制。以岛屿生物地理学平衡理论为基础，回顾了种-面积关系、种-隔离度关系，着重对戴蒙德法则、嵌套格局、岛屿生物群落结构理论框架和岛屿生物种间互作等群落构建方面的研究进展进行了论述。在岛屿生物多样性的丧失机制，从自然和人为因素两方面探讨了岛屿物种所面临的严峻的灭绝风险，尤其是生境丧失和改变、气候变化、外来物种入侵以及这些因素的协同作用对岛屿生物多样性丧失的影响。最后，基于岛屿生物多样性的现状，总结了目前国内外对岛屿生物多样性的保护措施和展望了未来可能的主要研究方向。

关键词: 海洋岛屿, 适应性辐射, 群落构建, 趋同进化, 种间互作, 人为干扰, 生物多样性保护

Abstract:

Due to the unique geographical features of large numbers, isolated by water and diverse formation histories, islands have become natural laboratories for ecological and evolutionary research. Islands have a high proportion of endemic species and disharmony in representing the species compared with that in the continent, which provides a good opportunity to explore the formation of island biodiversity. In this review, we focuse on island ecosystems and describes the progress of research in island biogeography in recent years from three aspects: formation, maintenance, and loss of island biodiversity. First, we take several representative island systems in the world as examples to introduce the formation mechanism of island biodiversity from species dispersal and immigration, population establishment and selection, species evolution and adaptive radiation. Based on the Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography, we then review the species-area relationship and species-isolation relationship and focus on the research progress in community assembly, including Diamond’s rule, nestedness pattern, the framework of community structure of island biota, and species interactions on islands. We also discuss the high extinction risks of island species threatened from natural and human disturbances, especially from the impact of habitat loss and change, climate change, alien species invasion and the synergistic effect of these factors on the loss of island biodiversity. Finally, based on the status of island biodiversity, we summarized the current conservation practices for island biodiversity and possible research frontiers in island biogeographic studies.

Key words: oceanic islands, adaptive radiation, community assembly, convergent evolution, species interaction, human disturbance, biodiversity conservation

刘聪, 骆杨青, 闫昱晶, 杨阳河山, 曾頔, 赵郁豪, 斯幸峰. 岛屿生物多样性的形成、维持与丧失[J]. 遗传, 2025, 47(1): 101-132.

Cong Liu, Yangqing Luo, Yujing Yan, Yangheshan Yang, Di Zeng, Yuhao Zhao, Xingfeng Si. The formation, maintenance, and loss of island biodiversity[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2025, 47(1): 101-132.

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岛屿生物多样性的形成、维持与丧失

The formation, maintenance, and loss of island biodiversity

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