法医遗传学研究和鉴定中的伦理问题

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.21-202

遗传 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10): 994-1002.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.21-202

法医遗传学研究和鉴定中的伦理问题

刘志勇^1,²(), 乌日嘎^1,², 李燃^1,², 王蔷薇^1,², 孙宏钰^1,²()

1. 中山大学中山医学院法医学系,广州 510080
2. 广东省法医学转化医学工程技术研究中心(中山大学),广州 510080;

收稿日期:2021-06-07 修回日期:2021-09-11 出版日期:2021-10-20 发布日期:2021-09-16
通讯作者: 孙宏钰 E-mail:liuzhy255@mail2.sysu.edu.cn;sunhy@mail.sysu.edu.cn
作者简介:刘志勇,博士研究生,研究方向：法医遗传学。E-mail: liuzhy255@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目编号(81971798);广东省自然科学基金面上项目资助编号(2019A15150)

Ethical issues of the research and practice in forensic genetics

Zhiyong Liu^1,²(), Riga Wu^1,², Ran Li^1,², Qiangwei Wang^1,², Hongyu Sun^1,²()

1. Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
2. Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China

Received:2021-06-07 Revised:2021-09-11 Online:2021-10-20 Published:2021-09-16
Contact: Sun Hongyu E-mail:liuzhy255@mail2.sysu.edu.cn;sunhy@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No(81971798);the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province No(2019A15150)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

法医遗传学主要以人体生物检材为对象,通过检测遗传信息解决与法律相关的生物检材鉴识问题,为侦查提供线索,为审判提供证据,往往涉及到众多伦理问题。本文提出伦理学在法医遗传学研究和鉴定中的应用基本原则,并对检材/样本收集、法医DNA表型分析、法医遗传系谱学分析、法医DNA数据库建设和应用、亲子鉴定和亲缘鉴定、法医遗传学科研数据交流和共享等方面涉及的伦理问题进行了分析,提示法医遗传学从业人员在研究和鉴定中要充分考虑伦理问题,建议有关部门制定法医遗传学具体的伦理要求,建立伦理审查制度,加强从业人员伦理学培训。

关键词: 法医遗传学, 生物检材, 伦理问题

Abstract:

Forensic genetics mainly uses human biological samples as the objects, solves the identification of biological materials related to law by detecting genetic information, provides clues for investigation and evidences for trial, thus facing many ethical issues. This paper put forward the ethical principles in forensic genetics research and practice, and discussed the ethical issues in sample collection, forensic DNA phenotyping, forensic genetic genealogy analysis, forensic DNA database development, paternity and kinship testing, and research data sharing. We suggest that specific ethical requirements should be formulated, the ethical review system should be established for forensic genetics and ethical training for practitioners should be strengthened.

Key words: forensic genetics, biological materials, ethical issues

刘志勇, 乌日嘎, 李燃, 王蔷薇, 孙宏钰. 法医遗传学研究和鉴定中的伦理问题[J]. 遗传, 2021, 43(10): 994-1002.

Zhiyong Liu, Riga Wu, Ran Li, Qiangwei Wang, Hongyu Sun. Ethical issues of the research and practice in forensic genetics[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2021, 43(10): 994-1002.

图/表 1

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名称	发布机构	发布时间	概况
《纽伦堡法典》	国际军事法庭	1946年	制定了人体试验的十点声明,是人体试验的第一份国际性文件
《赫尔辛基宣言》	世界医学会	1964年	制定了人作为受试对象的生物医学研究的伦理原则和限制条件,是关于人体试验的第二个国际性文件(2013年更新)
《涉及人的健康相关研究国际伦理准则》	国际医学科学组织理事会与?世界卫生组织	1982年	详尽解释了《赫尔辛基宣言》,规范各国的人体生物医学研究政策,促进人体试验研究中伦理原则的正确运作(2016年更新)
《世界人类基因组与人权宣言》	联合国教科文组织	1997年	提出任何人类基因组的研究都不应凌驾于个人或者群体的人权、自由与尊严之上
《国际人类基因数据宣言》	联合国教科文组织	2003年	提出收集、处理、使用、存储人类基因组与蛋白组数据时应保障人权与自由,并维护人类尊严
《世界生物伦理与人权宣言》	联合国教科文组织	2005年	制定了科学发展与技术应用的普适性原则与程序,强调要充分尊重人的尊严、人权与自由,个人利益与福祉高于科学的利益

法医遗传学研究和鉴定中的伦理问题

Ethical issues of the research and practice in forensic genetics

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