摘要：



黑色素的形成与产生在动物的生长发育过程中受到许多基因的调控。本文综述了近年来被广泛研究的哺乳动物黑色素形成调控中的一个关键基因——黑素皮质素受体1（melanocortin-1-receptor, MC1R）基因的作用机制、DNA序列变异与黑色素性状之间的关系，并且对另一重要的脊椎动物类群——鸟类中MC1R基因的确定与突变情况作以概述，此外对乌骨鸡富含黑色素的原因和鸟类的黑色素形成机制也进行了探讨。Abstract: The study of the molecular regulation mechanism of melanin synthesis during animal development has become a new focus recently .The synthesis and production of melanin during animal development are regulated by many genes. This paper summarized the molecular function mechanism of melanocortin-1-receptor (MC1R) gene and the relationship between the consequences of polymorphic variation of the gene and melanin traits, in addition to summarized the identification and mutation of MC1R gene in birds. Furthermore, the reason of abundant melanin in silkies and melanin synthesis mechanism in birds are all also discussed here.