六倍体小黑麦×六倍体小麦杂交后代中染色体遗传与结构变异鉴定

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.23-212

遗传 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 63-77.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.23-212

六倍体小黑麦×六倍体小麦杂交后代中染色体遗传与结构变异鉴定

杨漫宇¹(), 姚方杰¹, 杨足君², 杨恩年¹()

1.四川省农业科学院作物研究所，农业农村部西南地区小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室，农业农村部天府种业创新重点实验室(部省共建)，粮油作物绿色种质创新与遗传改良四川省重点实验室，成都 610066
2.电子科技大学生命科学与技术学院，成都 611731

收稿日期:2023-08-04 修回日期:2023-09-15 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2023-10-12
通讯作者: 杨恩年 E-mail:yangmanyu19861225@163.com;yangennian@126.com
作者简介:杨漫宇，博士，助理研究员，研究方向：小麦遗传育种及分子细胞遗传学。E-mail: yangmanyu19861225@163.com
基金资助:
四川省小麦育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0002);四川省财政专项项目(2021ZYGG-003);四川省财政专项项目(2022ZZCX003);四川省科技计划项目(2022ZDZX0014);四川省农业科学院项目资助

Investigation of chromosomal genetic characteristics and identification of structural variation in the offspring of hexaploid triticale×hexaploid wheat

Manyu Yang¹(), Fangjie Yao¹, Zujun Yang², Ennian Yang¹()

1. Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Key Laboratory of Tianfu Seed Industry Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, China
2. School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China

Received:2023-08-04 Revised:2023-09-15 Published:2024-01-20 Online:2023-10-12
Contact: Ennian Yang E-mail:yangmanyu19861225@163.com;yangennian@126.com
Supported by:
Sichuan Wheat Breeding Community (No. 2021YFYZ0002)，the Sichuan Financial Special Project(2021ZYGG-003);Sichuan Wheat Breeding Community (No. 2021YFYZ0002)，the Sichuan Financial Special Project(2022ZZCX003);Sichuan Science and Technology Program of China(2022ZDZX0014);Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

六倍体小黑麦是普通小麦品种遗传改良的重要基因资源，可以拓宽小麦的遗传基础。本研究以六倍体小黑麦为供体向普通小麦转移黑麦染色质，以探明六倍体小黑麦×六倍体小麦杂交、回交后代的染色体遗传特性，为小黑麦种质材料的后续研究和利用奠定基础。以六倍体小黑麦16引171为母本，六倍体小麦川麦62为父本配制杂交及回交组合，利用非变性荧光原位杂交技术(non-denaturing florescence in situ hybridization，ND-FISH)对F₁、BC₁F₁和BC₁F₂植株进行细胞学跟踪鉴定。结果表明，杂种F₁回交结实率为2.61%；BC₁F₁植株2R染色体传递频率最高；BC₁F₂植株中黑麦染色体在后代的传递率为6R>4R>2R，小麦背景中5B-7B相互易位染色体在BC₁F₂植株中表现出严重偏分离。在BC₁F₁和BC₁F₂植株中观察到24种结构变异染色体，包括染色体片段、等臂易位染色体、易位染色体以及双着丝粒染色体，且部分BC₁F₂植株的种子表现粒长和千粒重均优于六倍体小麦亲本川麦62。因此，在利用六倍体小黑麦作为桥梁向普通小麦导入黑麦遗传物质时，应尽量采取多次回交的方式，使D组染色体迅速恢复，保证后代育性的恢复，同时关注染色体结构变异材料的潜在应用价值。

关键词: 六倍体小黑麦, 六倍体小麦, 染色体遗传, ND-FISH, 染色体结构变异

Abstract:

Hexaploid triticale is an important genetic resource for genetic improvement of common wheat, which can broaden the genetic basis of wheat. In order to lay a foundation for the subsequent research and utilization of triticale germplasm materials, the chromosomal genetic characteristics of cross and backcross offspring of hexaploid triticale×hexaploid wheat were investigated in the process of transferring rye chromatin from hexaploid triticale to hexaploid wheat. Hybrid and backcross combinations were prepared with hexaploid triticale 16yin171 as the maternal parent and hexaploid wheat Chuanmai62 as the paternal parent. The chromosomes in root tip cells of F₁, BC₁F₁ and BC₁F₂ plants were traced and identified non-denaturing florescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH). The results indicated that the backcross setting rate of hybrid F₁was 2.61%. The transmission frequency of 2R chromosome was the highest in BC₁F₁ plants while the transmissibility of rye chromosome in BC₁F₂ plant was 6R>4R>2R, and the 5B-7B wheat translocation in BC₁F₂ plants showed severe segregation. A total of 24 structural variant chromosomes were observed both in BC₁F₁ and BC₁F₂plants, including chromosome fragments, isochromosomes, translocations, and dicentric chromosomes. In addition, the seed length and 1000-grain weight of some BC₁F₂ plants were better than that of the hexaploid wheat parent Chuanmai 62. Therefore, multiple backcrosses should be adopted as far as possible to make the rapid recovery of group D chromosomes, ensuring the recovery of fertility in offspring, when hexaploid tritriale is used as a bridge to introduce rye genetic material into common wheat. At the same time, the potential application value of chromosomal structural variation materials should be also concerned.

Key words: hexaploid triticale, hexaploid wheat, chromosomal inheritance, ND-FISH, chromosome structural variation

杨漫宇, 姚方杰, 杨足君, 杨恩年. 六倍体小黑麦×六倍体小麦杂交后代中染色体遗传与结构变异鉴定[J]. 遗传, 2024, 46(1): 63-77.

Manyu Yang, Fangjie Yao, Zujun Yang, Ennian Yang. Investigation of chromosomal genetic characteristics and identification of structural variation in the offspring of hexaploid triticale×hexaploid wheat[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2024, 46(1): 63-77.

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杂交组合	世代	材料编号	育性	染色体数目	黑麦染色体	5B/7B/5BS·7BS/5BL·7BL传递类型	其他及变异染色体
16引171/ 川麦62// 川麦62	BC₁F₁	Z9-1	可育	44(3)	2R、6R、4R^Broken	15B+17B+15BS·7BS+15BL·7BL	1*6D
		Z9-2	不育	42(5)	2R、3R、4R、6R、7R	25BS·7BS+25BL·7BL	11D、12D、13D、14D、1*6D
		Z9-3	不育	39(0)	/	15B+17B+15BS·7BS+15BL·7BL	11D、12D、1*3D
		Z9-4	不育	43(5)	2R、3R^Broken、4R、5R、7R	25BS·7BS+25BL·7BL	11D、12D、15D、17D
		Z9-5	不育	43(5)	2R、3R、5R、6R、7R	17B+15BS·7BS+2*5BL·7BL	11D、12D、13D、15D、17D、37A
		Z9-6	不育	39(3T)	1R、5R、7R、4DS·4DL-2RL	15B+17B+15BS·7BS+15BL·7BL	11D、12D、13D、14D、15D、16D、1*7D、4DS·4DL-2RL

BC₁F₂植株的染色体数目	BC₁F₂植株数	比例(%)	黑麦染色体数目	BC₁F₂植株数	比例(%)	黑麦染色体	BC₁F₂植株数	比例(%)
40	1	0.96	0	31	29.81	2R	23	22.12
41	37	35.58	0.5	3	2.88	4R^B	35	33.65
41.5	3	2.88	1	42	40.38	6R	41	39.42
42	34	32.69	1.5	8	7.69
42.5	8	7.69	2	15	14.42
43	10	9.62	3	3	2.88
43.5	1	0.96	3.5	1	0.96
44	7	6.73	4	1	0.96
44.5	1	0.96
45	2	1.92

6D	BC₁F₂植株数	比例(%)	后代中传递类型	BC₁F₂植株数	比例(%)
0*6D	20	19.23	15B+17B+15BS·7BS+15BL·7BL	51	49.04
1*6D	65	62.50	25B+27B	13	12.50
2*6D	19	18.27	25BS·7BS+25BL·7BL	31	29.81
			其他	9	8.65

BC₁F₂材料编号	染色体数目	黑麦染色体	变异类型
23-F141-3	42.5	2RS	2RS-
23-F141-6	42	4R^Broken	3DL·3DL·2RL
23-F141-11	41.5	6R、4R^Broken	2BS·2BL^Broken
23-F141-15	41.5	6R^Broken	6RS·6RL^Broken
23-F141-16	42.5	2RS、4R^Broken	2RS-
23-F141-21	40	/	6DS·6DL·2AL
23-F141-23	42.5	2RS、6R	2RS-
23-F141-27	43	2RL·2RL、6R、4R^Broken	2RL·2RL
23-F141-44	43	6R、6RL、4RL?	4RL?-
23-F141-50	41	/	4BS^Broken·4BL
23-F141-54	45	2R^Broken、6R、2*4R^Broken	2RS·2RL^Broken
23-F141-57	44	6R、6RL·4RL^Broken	4RL^Broken·6RL
23-F141-70	42.5	2R、2RS	2RS-
23-F141-74	42.5	6RS、4R^Broken	6RS-
23-F141-79	42.5	2RS、4R^Broken	2RS-
23-F141-82	42.5	4R^Broken、6BS·2RL	6BS·2RL、BS^Broken·6BL
23-F141-87	44.5	2R、2*4R^Broken、6RS	5BL·6RL
23-F141-88	44	2R	14BS·4BS、24BL·4BL
23-F141-92	43.5	6R、6RS	6RS-
23-F141-93	42	2RS·2RS	2RS·2RS
23-F141-96	41	/	7DL·7AS·7AL
23-F141-102	41.5	6R、6RL	6RL-
23-F141-103	41	7DL·2RS	7DL·2RS
23-F141-104	42.5	6R、4R^Broken	4BL-

染色体片段	等臂染色体	小麦-黑麦整臂易位	双着丝粒染色体	黑麦-黑麦易位
2RS-	4BS·4BS	5BL·6RL	3DL·3DL·2RL	4RL^Broken·6RL
4RL?-	4BL·4BL	6BS·2RL	6DS·6DL·2AL
6RL-	2RL·2RL	7DL·2RS	7DL·7AS·7AL
6RS-	2RS·2RS
4BL-
2RS·2RL^Broken
6RS·6RL^Broken
2BS·2BL^Broken
4BS^Broken·4BL
6BS^Broken·6BL

六倍体小黑麦×六倍体小麦杂交后代中染色体遗传与结构变异鉴定

Investigation of chromosomal genetic characteristics and identification of structural variation in the offspring of hexaploid triticale×hexaploid wheat

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[1]	马磊, 张婷婷. 应用嵌合基因实例拓展遗传学染色体畸变的教学[J]. 遗传, 2018, 40(12): 1129-1135.
[2]	高翼之. 摩尔根与染色体遗传学说的建立[J]. 遗传, 2002, 24(4): 459-462.