脊椎动物回声定位发声和听觉机制研究进展

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.24-273

遗传 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 237-257.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-273

脊椎动物回声定位发声和听觉机制研究进展

刘奇(), 施鹏()

中国科学院昆明动物研究所，遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室，昆明 650223

收稿日期:2024-09-19 修回日期:2024-11-05 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2024-11-27
通讯作者: 施鹏，博士，研究员，研究方向：动物适应性进化的遗传机制。E-mail: ship@mail.kiz.ac.cn
作者简介:刘奇，博士，特别研究助理，研究方向：回声定位行为和遗传机制。E-mail: liuqi@mail.kiz.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32300357)

Advances in vocalizating and hearing mechanisms of echolocation in vertebrate

Qi Liu(), Peng Shi()

National Key Laboratory of Genetics and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoologe, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China

Received:2024-09-19 Revised:2024-11-05 Published:2025-02-20 Online:2024-11-27
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300357)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

回声定位是一个由多个系统协作的、高度特化的复杂生物性状，它的起源最早可以追溯到6,800万年前，并在随后的生物演化历程中反复出现在多个脊椎动物类群中，表现出强劲的生命力并成为自然界中性状趋同演化的典型案例。然而，直到20世纪初人类才真正揭开动物回声定位研究的序幕，成为动物学、行为学、遗传学等领域的研究热点，并在过去的80多年间取得了丰硕的成果。本文回顾了动物回声定位研究的发展历史，概述了不同回声定位动物类群，重点阐述了回声定位在发声机制、声学特征和高频听力机制方面的研究进展，以期为全面了解动物回声定位提供参考。

关键词: 脊椎动物, 回声定位, 发声机制, 声学特征, 高频听力

Abstract:

Echolocation is a complex biological traits that collaborated by multiple systems. Its origin can be traced back to 68 million years ago, and repeatedly appeared in multiple vertebrate groups in the subsequent biological evolution. The strong vitality has become a typical case of the convergence evolution in nature. However, it was not until the beginning of the 20th century that humans really opened the prelude to the research on animal echolocation, and became research hotspots in the fields of zoology, behavior, and genetics, and achieved rich results in the past 80 years. In this review, we summarize the development history of animal echo positioning, summarize different echo positioning animal groups in detail, and focuse on the research progress of echo positioning in sound mechanisms, acoustic characteristics, and high-frequency listening mechanisms in order to provide reference for comprehensive understanding of animal echo positioning.

Key words: vertebrate, echolocation, vocal mechanism, acoustic characteristics, high-frequency hearing

刘奇, 施鹏. 脊椎动物回声定位发声和听觉机制研究进展[J]. 遗传, 2025, 47(2): 237-257.

Qi Liu, Peng Shi. Advances in vocalizating and hearing mechanisms of echolocation in vertebrate[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2025, 47(2): 237-257.

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动物类群	最早发现时间	发现者	检测装置	实验设计中关键技术	参考文献
蝙蝠	1941	Griffin和Galambos	线绳规避装置	“盲”、“聋(堵耳朵)”、“哑”的蝙蝠	[2,3]
油鸱	1953	Griffin	直接观察洞穴中飞行的油鸱	堵耳朵+发声行为与飞行关联分析	[56]
金丝燕	1959	Novick和Medway	直接观察黑暗环境飞行的金丝燕	发声行为与飞行关联分析	[57,58]
齿鲸	1961	Norris等	线绳规避装置	蒙眼、阻断超声波发射	[55]
鼩鼱	1964	Gloud、Novick和Negus	圆盘-平台	堵耳朵	[40]
马岛猬	1968	Gloud	圆盘-平台	堵耳朵	[26]
猪尾鼠	2021	He等	旷场、隧道、圆盘-平台	堵耳朵	[28]

动物类群	信号类型	频率范围(kHz)	发声器官	脉冲时程(ms)	生物学功能	参考文献
喉部回声定位蝙蝠	CF-FM/FM	12~209.38	喉	1.7~81.84	导航、觅食、通讯	[6,13,14,28,94]
果蝠属	Click	12~74.15	舌	0.41~1.1	导航	[32⇓⇓~35,105⇓~107]
鼩鼱	Click	2.74~60	喉	1.45~13.3	导航、评估环境空间结构	[39⇓⇓⇓~43]
马岛猬	Click	5~17	舌	0.4~0.9	导航	[26]
齿鲸	Click	15~142	声唇	0.013~0.6	导航、觅食、通讯	[49⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓~55]
猪尾鼠	FM	74~119.4	喉	1.72~2.42	导航	[28,72,77]
油鸱	Click	6.1~10	鸣管	1	导航、通讯	[56]
金丝燕	Click	1~10	鸣管	1~8	导航、通讯	[57⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓~69]

脊椎动物回声定位发声和听觉机制研究进展

Advances in vocalizating and hearing mechanisms of echolocation in vertebrate

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