人类卵母细胞减数分裂的生理和病理机制

doi:10.16288/j.yczz.23-170

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Hereditas(Beijing) ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (12): 1087-1099.doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.23-170

• Invited Review • Previous Articles Next Articles

Physiological and pathological mechanisms of oocyte meiosis

Zhou Zhou^1,²(), Qing Sang¹(), Lei Wang¹()

1. Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
2. Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200237, China

Received:2023-08-07 Revised:2023-10-11 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2023-10-24
Contact: Qing Sang,Lei Wang E-mail:zhouzhoustudy@163.com;sangqing@fudan.edu.cn;wangleiwanglei@fudan.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(82288102);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32130029);National Natural Science Foundation of China(81725006);National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171643);National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971450);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2700100);China Postdoctoral Science Fund(2022M712147)

Abstract

Abstract:

Normal oogenesis is crucial to successful reproduction. During the human female fetal stage, primordial germ cells transform from mitosis to meiosis. After synapsis and recombination of homologous chromosomes, meiosis is arrested at the diplotene stage of prophase in meiosis I. The maintenance of oocyte meiotic arrest in the follicle is primarily attributed to high cytoplasmic concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. During the menstrual cycle, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone lead to the resumption of meiosis that occurs in certain oocytes and complete the ovulation process. Anything that disturbs oocyte meiosis may result in failure of oogenesis and seriously affect both the fertilization and embryonic development. The rapid development of the assisted reproduction technology, high-throughput sequencing technology, and molecular biology technology provide new ideas and means for human to understand molecular mechanism of meiosis and diagnosis and treatment of oocyte maturation defects. In this review, we mainly summarize the recent physiological and pathological mechanisms of oogenesis, involving homologous recombination, meiotic arrest and resumption, maternal mRNA degradation, post-translational regulation, zona pellucida assembly, and so on. We wish to take this opportunity to raise the awareness of researchers in related fields on oocyte meiosis, providing a theoretical basis for further research and disease treatments.

Key words: oogenesis, oocyte, meiosis, variant

Zhou Zhou, Qing Sang, Lei Wang. Physiological and pathological mechanisms of oocyte meiosis[J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2023, 45(12): 1087-1099.

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 1

Pathogenic genes of oocyte meiosis defects"

致病基因	遗传模式	患者表型	功能	参考文献
TRIP13	AR	卵母细胞MI阻滞、合子分裂失败	调控同源染色体的分离	[29]
REC114	AR	受精后多原核、早期胚胎停滞、反复葡萄胎、流产	调控同源重组的DSBs	[30]
MEI1	AR	早期胚胎停滞、反复葡萄胎、反复流产	调控同源重组的DSBs	[31]
PATL2	AR	卵母细胞GV阻滞、受精失败、早期胚胎停滞	介导翻译抑制途径	[32~34]
PABPC1L	AR	卵母细胞成熟障碍	介导翻译激活途径	[35]
TBPL2	AR	卵母细胞成熟障碍、卵子退化和早期胚胎停滞	介导特定基因的转录	[36]
ZP1	AR	卵子无透明带	组装为卵母细胞透明带	[37]
ZP3	AD	卵子无透明带	组装为卵母细胞透明带	[38]
ZP2	AR	卵子薄透明带、体外受精失败	组装为卵母细胞透明带	[39]
ASTL	AR	受精差和早期胚胎停滞	阻止多精受精	[40]
TUBB8	AD/AR/新发	卵母细胞成熟障碍、受精失败、早期胚胎停滞	构成卵母细胞纺锤体	[41, 42]
FBXO43	AR	早期胚胎停滞	维持卵母细胞MII阻滞	[43]
CDC20	AR	卵母细胞MI阻滞、受精失败、早期胚胎停滞	维持卵母细胞MII阻滞	[44]
MOS	AR	早期胚胎停滞	维持卵母细胞MII阻滞	[45~47]
WEE2	AR	受精失败	抑制MPF的活性	[48]
BTG4	AR	合子分裂失败	介导母源mRNA的降解	[49]
ZFP36L2	AR	早期胚胎停滞	介导母源mRNA的降解	[50]
KPNA7	AR	早期胚胎停滞	介导核转运过程	[51]
CHK1	AD	合子分裂失败	抑制MPF的活性	[52]
TLE6	AR	受精失败或早期胚胎停滞	调控胞质晶格形成	[53]
PADI6	AR	早期胚胎停滞	调控胞质晶格形成	[54]
NLRP2	AR	早期胚胎停滞	调控胞质晶格形成	[55]
NLRP5	AR	受精失败或早期胚胎停滞	调控胞质晶格形成	[55]
KHDC3L	AR	早期胚胎停滞或反复葡萄胎	调控胞质晶格形成	[56]

Table 1

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[1]	Xiangjiang Lv, Jing Guo, Ge Lin. Novel mutations in TRIP13 lead to female infertility with oocyte maturation arrest [J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2023, 45(6): 514-525.
[2]	Nan Zhang, Jue Zhang, Ge Lin. Advances in the study of DNA damage and repair in mammalian oocytes [J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2023, 45(5): 379-394.
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[9]	Guoqing Qian. Advances in genome-wide association study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2020, 42(9): 832-846.
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[15]	Ying Huang,Qi Liu,Lianjiang Chi,Chengmin Shi,Zhen Wu,Min Hu,Hong Shi,Hua Chen. Application of BIG-Annotator in the genome sequencing data functional annotation and genetic diagnosis [J]. Hereditas(Beijing), 2018, 40(11): 1015-1023.